<p>Bosten Lake is located at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountains, in the territory of Bayingoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The geographical location is 41°45′08″N - 42°15′10″N, 86°19′50″E - 87°24′50″E. The altitude of the water surface of Bosten Lake is 1,052.50 m (at the entrance of the east branch of Baolang Sumu Branch Gate)-1,047.77 m (at the outlet of Lianhua Gate), and the average altitude is 1,046.6 m. Bosten Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake in China, with an average water depth of 7.5 m and a maximum depth of 16 m. The main source of water in Bosten Lake comes from the Kaidu River, accounting for about 80% of the total water supply of Bosten Lake. Lianhua Gate is the dividing line between Bosten Lake and Kongque River, and is also the source of Kongque River. Bosten Lake Basin refers to the catchment area of Kaidu River, Huangshuigou River, Qingshui River and other water systems. It belongs to the Kaidou-Kongque River Basin. The basin area of Bosten Lake is 1,563.27 km2 (Albers projection, 2015), and the basin boundary length is 623.41 km (Lambert projection). The Bosten Lake Basin water system includes Kaidu River, Huangshuigou River, Qingshui River, Wulastai River, etc. Their main stream lengths are 592.58 km, 108.90 km, 89.67 km and 83.15 km respectively. The annual inflow of Bosten Lake was 26.13 x 108m3 (2015), and the amount of water flowing out and flowing into the Kongque River in the same year was 11.53 x 108m3. The dataset is developed based on Google earth images combined with measured data, including: (1) Bosten Lake Basin boundary data;(2) Bosten Lake Basin water system data;(3) Bosten Lake Water Range data;(4) The amount of water flowing out and entering Bosten Lake from 1991 to 2020. The dataset consists of 44 data files stored in.kmz,.shp and.xlsx data formats, with a data volume of 37.30 MB (compressed into 4 files, 18.5 MB). </p>