<p>The monograph can be divided into three parts. The first part discusses the rare and endangered plant species in Kazakhstan, including 22 plants that need priority protection, analyzes their geographical distribution, habitat characteristics and threat factors, and points out that overgrazing and land development are the main risks. The study emphasized the need to establish nature reserves in Aksov and recorded newly discovered plant populations (e.g. Silene lithophila, Astragalus stalinskyi). The second part focuses on the introduction and ecological adaptation of woody plants. It introduces 137 species of trees and shrubs (such as Robinia pseudoacacia, Hippophae rhamnoides) introduced from East Asia, North America and other places, and analyzes their root morphology, physiological indicators (such as cell osmotic pressure, mycorrhizal symbiosis) and drought resistance. Experiments have shown that species with developed horizontal roots (such as Populus simonii) have a 30% increase in survival rate under drought conditions, and a mixed planting model has been proposed to optimize community stability. The third part involves the study of interactions between microorganisms and plants. It reports the parasitic phenomenon of various fungi (such as Puccinia striformis and Ramularia saussurea) on herbs and woody plants, analyzes their ecological impact and co-evolutionary relationship with host plants, and records the distribution of new fungal species Microstroma and Septogloea in Kazakhstan for the first time. </p>