<p>This monograph can be divided into three parts. The first part is about historical development and institutional evolution. It traces the process from the medicinal botanical garden during the period of Peter the Great in the 18th century to the merger of the botanical garden and the museum at the end of the 19th century. It focuses on the development of the Institute of Botany of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1923.А. Under the leadership of scientists such as Комаров, the expansion of plant herbarium and laboratory and the expansion of research directions (such as ecological distribution and flora analysis). The second part is the research methods and academic results. It details the expedition activities of the geobotany team in the Soviet Union, covering Arctic islands, Central Asian grasslands, and Caucasus Mountains. Through vegetation survey, specimen collection and data analysis, a classification system of vegetation types in the Soviet Union was established, especially the plant community structure of frozen soil, grassland, and forest zones, and published important documents such as the "Soviet Vegetation Atlas". The third part is about application value and subject impact, and evaluates the application of research results in agricultural zoning, ecological protection, and medicinal plant development, such as optimizing the layout of grassland animal husbandry through vegetation analysis, revealing the relationship between forest pests and diseases and vegetation structure, and at the same time laying the foundation. It established the status of Soviet geobotany in the international academic community and provided basic data for the subsequent compilation of the Flora of the Soviet Union. </p>