<p>This data is data from Xinjiang and five Central Asian countries extracted based on GLEAM4.2 global 0.1° resolution evapotranspiration and soil moisture grid data. The resolution accuracy and file format of the original data are retained. The spatial resolution is 0.1° and the temporal resolution is daily, monthly, and annually. The data format is nc file, which is stored in folders according to Xinjiang and the five Central Asian countries. </p> <p>Data variables: Actual evaporation (E), transpiration (Et), interception loss (Ei), soil evaporation (Eb), Ep_aero, Ep_rad, sublimation of snow (Es), surface condensation (Ec), open water surface evaporation (Ew), potential evaporation (Ep), transpiration stress (S), root zone soil moisture (SMrz), surface soil moisture (SMs), sensible heat flux (H ). </p>
GLEAM4.2 global 0.1° resolution evapotranspiration and soil moisture grid data, spatial resolution 0.1°, temporal resolution daily, monthly, and annual, data format nc file, records data from 2018 to the present, 2024 data has been updated in June 2025. The data was released by the Extreme Hydroclimate Laboratory (H-CEL) at the University of Ghent, Belgium, and the official website is downloaded from www.gleam.eu/? spm=a2ty_o01.29997173.0.0.693c570b1fEaPT。 GLEAM provides data on different components of land evaporation (or 'evapotranspiration'): transpiration, bare soil evaporation, interception losses, open water evaporation and sublimation, in addition to other related variables such as surface and root zone soil moisture, sensible heat fluxes, potential evaporation and evaporation stress conditions. GLEAM4 generates two datasets, GLEAM4.2a is based on reanalysis of radiation and temperature, combining rain gauge, reanalysis and satellite-based precipitation, and satellite-based vegetation optical depth data, and GLEAM4.2b is a global dataset covering a 21-year period from 2003 to 2023. This dataset is (mainly) driven by satellite data. According to official website information, the data publisher will later release GLEAM4.2b data. All GLEAM4 datasets are provided on a latitude-longitude grid of 0.1°×0.1° and a daily time resolution. For more information, please refer to the official website, README_GLEAM4.2 documentation or data papers.
The Penman equation in GLEAM uses observations of net surface radiation (Rn), near-surface air temperature (Ta), wind speed (u), leaf area index (LAI), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) to calculate potential evaporation (Ep). Estimates of Ep for bare soil, high vegetation canopy and low vegetation canopy land divisions were converted into bare soil evaporation (Eb) and transpiration (Et) using multiplicative evaporation stress factors (S) trained by deep neural networks. Predictors of stress include soil moisture, VPD,[CO2], Ta, and vegetation status (VOD, LAI). Root zone soil moisture (SMrz) was calculated using multi-layer running water balance. To correct for random forcing errors, satellite observed surface soil moisture (SMs) were assimilated into soil profiles. Interception losses (Ei) were calculated separately in GLEAM using analytical models driven by precipitation (P) and vegetation characteristics. Finally, estimates of actual evaporation for water bodies (E w) and areas covered by ice and/or snow (Es) were derived using the modified Penman equation
GLEAM has been continuously revised and updated since it was first released in 2011, with the current version of GLEAM 4.2 released in June 2025.
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10.1038/s41597-025-04610-y
