This course of physical geography of the Soviet Union is for senior students in the Department of geography of national universities and normal colleges in terms of capacity, content and narrative methods. The extensive practical materials in the course are based on the main methodology and method requirements of Landscape Geography in the Soviet Union. The basic geographical unit is the geographical area, which is characterized by the unity of its development history and the unique modern geographical landscape complex. The geological history of the region before the Tertiary period is outlined in a rough line, while in the later period, especially in the Quaternary period, it is described in more detail from the perspective of paleogeography, that is, to describe the ancient landscape, their replacement and the reflection of various stages of development history in the modern landscape. Each geographical region is regarded as part of a whole region (West Siberia, East Siberia, Far East and Central Asia); At the same time, it is regarded as a unified geographical organism, which is composed of a series of coordinated parts - zones, sub zones, regions and landscapes. The author demonstrates the boundaries of various geographical regions and the main laws of the distribution of smaller taxonomic units. Landscape is the result of the latest stage of life in a specific area on the earth's surface, so the geographical description does not start from the landscape, but ends with the landscape. The landscape is investigated from the perspectives of its development, geographical distribution, modern structure, seasonal changes and transformation for the benefit of socialist economy. When describing the flora and fauna, the author tries to describe in more detail the few but most typical landscape flora and fauna in the region, and investigate them according to the biological community as much as possible. Focus on ecological factors, seasonal replacement of vegetation and annual life cycle of animals. While making extensive use of the practical materials of relevant disciplines, the author does not intend to write independent Monographs on geology, geomorphology, climate, geobotany and other aspects when describing the various elements of the regional unit. They are regarded as an integral part of the unified geographical whole, and only contain the information extracted from the corresponding disciplines and necessary for the construction of landscape description. The narrative order and length of these parts are different, Because the same elements play different roles in different geographical regions, those elements that are most specific to the region will be put in the first place. Due to the rich actual materials, the narration must be extremely simplified, and in order to avoid damaging the continuity of the description by mentioning a large number of authors' names (the editors of this textbook have used their works), the editors had to give up discussing the disputes on some issues, and adhere to their own views when explaining the basic problems of geography. The different degrees of research in each geographical region, the desire to describe in detail the geographical objects with the most practical significance under the conditions of socialist construction, and the need to include those important issues omitted in the teaching cycle of the Department of Geography (for example, permafrost theory), explain some of the imbalances in the teaching materials described in each chapter of this book. Relatively few geographical names have been retained in the text, and these names have basically been moved into the attached maps, which constitute an integral part of the geographical description. The latter is mostly compiled by the author based on literature and map materials, or adapted on the basis of the original map in order to achieve the maximum degree of intuition. This work was printed in 1941, but was destroyed during the heroic years of the defense of Leningrad; In the following years, the author was able to restore the text, make some supplements, and select new illustration materials