本《苏联自然地理》课程在容量、内容和叙述方法上，面向国立大学和师范学院地理系高年级学生。课程中广泛的实际材料，是基于苏联景观地理学最主要的方法论和方法要求进行阐述的。\n基本的地域单位采用地理区域，该区域以其发展历史的统一性和独特的现代地理景观综合体为特征。区域在第三纪以前的地质历史以较粗略的线条勾勒，而在较晚时期，特别是第四纪，则从古地理角度，即描述古代景观、它们的更替以及发展历史各阶段在现代景观中的反映，进行更详细的阐述。\n每个地理区域都被视为某个整体——地区（西西伯利亚、东西伯利亚、远东和中亚）——的一部分；同时，它又被视为一个统一的地理有机体，由一系列相互协调的部分——地带、亚地带、区、景观——组成。\n作者论证了各地理区域的界限以及其中更小的分类单位分布的主要规律。景观是地球表面特定区域生命最新阶段的结果，因此地理描述不是从景观开始，而是以景观结束。景观从其发展、地理分布、现代结构、季节性变化以及为社会主义经济利益而对其进行改造的角度加以考察。\n在描述动植物界时，作者力求对少数但对该地域最具典型性的景观动植物进行更详细的描述，并尽可能按生物群落来考察它们。重点关注生态因素、植被的季节性更替和动物的年生活周期。\n在广泛利用相关学科的实际材料的同时，作者在描述地域单位的各个要素时，并不打算撰写独立的地质、地貌、气候、地植物学等方面的专题论述。它们被视为统一地理整体中不可分割的组成部分，仅包含从相应学科中提取的、为构建景观描述所必需的信息。这些部分的叙述顺序和篇幅各不相同，\n因为相同的要素在不同的地理区域中扮演着不同的角色，而那些对该区域最具特殊性的要素会被置于首位。\n由于实际材料丰富而必须极度精简叙述，以及为了避免因提及大量作者姓名（本教材编者曾利用了他们的著作）而破坏描述的连贯性，编者不得不放弃讨论关于某些问题的争议，并在阐释地理学基本问题时坚持自己的观点。各地理区域研究程度不同、希望详细描述在社会主义建设条件下最具现实意义的地理对象、需要纳入那些在地理系教学课程周期中遗漏的重要问题（例如，永久冻土学说），这些原因解释了本书各章节教学材料叙述的某些不均衡性。\n正文中保留了相对较少的地理名称，这些名称基本上已移入所附地图中，这些地图构成地理描述不可或缺的部分。后者大部分是作者根据文献资料和地图材料编制的，或为了达到最大程度的直观性而在原图基础上进行了改编。\n本著作于1941年付印，但在列宁格勒保卫战的英勇岁月中损毁；在随后的年代里，作者得以恢复文本，作了一些补充，并选配了新的插图材料
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：С. П. 苏斯洛夫 (С. П. Суслов)\n出版社：Государственное учебно-педагогическое издательство Министерства просвещения РСФСР\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1954年\n页数：711页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70001789
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 566427359, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "a74fed0e-d4ec-48e3-b857-80efe755f9c6.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-03 18:40:56", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-03 18:40:56", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02000", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202510070004(XJLASRU70001789).pdf", "size": 566427359, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Physical Geography of the Soviet Union: Asian Part", "ds_abstract": "This course of physical geography of the Soviet Union is for senior students in the Department of geography of national universities and normal colleges in terms of capacity, content and narrative methods. The extensive practical materials in the course are based on the main methodology and method requirements of Landscape Geography in the Soviet Union.\r\nThe basic geographical unit is the geographical area, which is characterized by the unity of its development history and the unique modern geographical landscape complex. The geological history of the region before the Tertiary period is outlined in a rough line, while in the later period, especially in the Quaternary period, it is described in more detail from the perspective of paleogeography, that is, to describe the ancient landscape, their replacement and the reflection of various stages of development history in the modern landscape.\r\nEach geographical region is regarded as part of a whole region (West Siberia, East Siberia, Far East and Central Asia); At the same time, it is regarded as a unified geographical organism, which is composed of a series of coordinated parts - zones, sub zones, regions and landscapes.\r\nThe author demonstrates the boundaries of various geographical regions and the main laws of the distribution of smaller taxonomic units. Landscape is the result of the latest stage of life in a specific area on the earth's surface, so the geographical description does not start from the landscape, but ends with the landscape. The landscape is investigated from the perspectives of its development, geographical distribution, modern structure, seasonal changes and transformation for the benefit of socialist economy.\r\nWhen describing the flora and fauna, the author tries to describe in more detail the few but most typical landscape flora and fauna in the region, and investigate them according to the biological community as much as possible. Focus on ecological factors, seasonal replacement of vegetation and annual life cycle of animals.\r\nWhile making extensive use of the practical materials of relevant disciplines, the author does not intend to write independent Monographs on geology, geomorphology, climate, geobotany and other aspects when describing the various elements of the regional unit. They are regarded as an integral part of the unified geographical whole, and only contain the information extracted from the corresponding disciplines and necessary for the construction of landscape description. The narrative order and length of these parts are different,\r\nBecause the same elements play different roles in different geographical regions, those elements that are most specific to the region will be put in the first place.\r\nDue to the rich actual materials, the narration must be extremely simplified, and in order to avoid damaging the continuity of the description by mentioning a large number of authors' names (the editors of this textbook have used their works), the editors had to give up discussing the disputes on some issues, and adhere to their own views when explaining the basic problems of geography. The different degrees of research in each geographical region, the desire to describe in detail the geographical objects with the most practical significance under the conditions of socialist construction, and the need to include those important issues omitted in the teaching cycle of the Department of Geography (for example, permafrost theory), explain some of the imbalances in the teaching materials described in each chapter of this book.\r\nRelatively few geographical names have been retained in the text, and these names have basically been moved into the attached maps, which constitute an integral part of the geographical description. The latter is mostly compiled by the author based on literature and map materials, or adapted on the basis of the original map in order to achieve the maximum degree of intuition.\r\nThis work was printed in 1941, but was destroyed during the heroic years of the defense of Leningrad; In the following years, the author was able to restore the text, make some supplements, and select new illustration materials", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): С.П. SuslovП.Суслов)\r\nPublished by: 丨 о с у д а р с т в е н н о е у ч ебн о-п е д а г о г и ч е ско е изд а т ельс т в о д о д и н и с т е р с т в а п р о с в е е н ия Р С А с в е с с с т в е е н и\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1954\r\nPages: 711 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70001789", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Physical Geography of the Soviet Union: Asian Part\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Physical Geography of the Soviet Union: Asian Part\" was processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\",\"Physical Geography of the Soviet Union: Asian Part\" was not changed and deleted. Data information, data quality is reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "苏联自然地理", "地理景观" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1954 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }