<p>The monograph can be divided into three parts. The first part is the composition and stratigraphic distribution of palaeontology. It systematically analyzes vertebrate fossils (such as dinosaurs, mammals) and plant fossils (such as coniferous trees, angiosperms) from different geological periods (Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic), focusing on describing the fossil sequence and dominant species in Aktao, Karaganda and other areas, such as cycads in the Mesozoic and three-toed horses and mastodons in the Cenozoic. The second part explores the relationship between biota evolution and the environment. By comparing fossil assemblages in different regions, it reveals the impact of climate change (such as from humid rainforests to arid grasslands) on biodiversity, such as drought caused by the junction of Oligocene-Miocene. Forest decline and grassland biota expansion, and analyzes the blocking effect of tectonic movements (such as the uplift of the Tianshan Mountains) on animal migration routes. The third part is the regional biogeographic significance. It establishes a comparative framework between the palaeontology of Kazakhstan and surrounding areas (such as Central Asia and Eastern Europe), points out its uniqueness as a transition zone between the Palaearctic and the Oriental, and provides key evidence for the study of the biological evolution history and plate movement in Central Asia. The full text integrates geological, paleontology and ecological data and has important interdisciplinary research value. </p>