<p>Taking the Haloxylon ammodendron community on the southern edge of the Gurbantungut Desert as the research object, the author measured the net photosynthetic rate and respiratory rate of Haloxylon ammodendron at different growth stages from April to September 2013. The daily process of photosynthesis in Haloxylon ammodendron leaves was observed using the LI-COR6400 photosynthesis instrument; a large assimilation box was used (2m x 2m x 2m) and LI-COR840 analyzers measure individual CO2 exchange capacity of Haloxylon ammodendron; use the vorticity correlation system installed in desert communities (including three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and thermocouple temperature pulsaur for measuring wind speed and temperature fluctuations, and infrared gas analyzer for measuring CO2/H2O density fluctuations) to measure CO2, H2O and energy fluxes in desert ecosystems. After the vortex system observation, the data were revised, quality controlled, and missing data interpolation. Instruments supporting the vorticity system include meteorological observation systems and hydrological and soil physical monitoring devices, which conduct long-term monitoring of environmental factors such as net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, precipitation, air humidity, and potential evaporation. Soil CO2 was measured using the LI-COR8150 multi-flux soil carbon flux measurement system. Based on individual biomass and leaf area index, the leaf scale is transformed to individual scale and individual scale to community scale, and carbon exchange data sets of Haloxylon ammodendron community at leaf, individual and community scales are obtained. The dataset includes: (1) Measurement data of meteorological factors per day during the 2013 growing season;(2) Data of assimilated branch biomass and crown width of standard plants, as well as seasonal change data of assimilated branch growth rate and leaf area index;(3) Daily change data of photosynthetic rate of Haloxylon ammodendron in different months;(4) Comparative data of CO2 fluxes between cumulative method and box method from May to September 2013;(5) Comparative data of individual measurement of CO2 fluxes between box method and cumulative method;(6) Comparative data of CO2 fluxes between box method and eddy correlation method from May to September 2013;(7) Ecosystem carbon flux data measured by box method and eddy correlation method. This dataset is stored in.xls format, 1 file, and a data volume of 93.5 KB. The analysis and research results of this dataset were published in Arid Zone Research, Volume 33, No. 2, 2016. </p>