The arid zone of the Volga River region has broad development potential, which is suitable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, thanks to its large area of arable land, high fertility soil and rich natural pasture. However, due to frequent droughts, agricultural production is unstable, hindering the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, and these potentials have not been fully utilized. In the past 50 years (from 1890 to 1947), the Volga region has experienced 20 severe droughts, which resulted in a serious shortage of grain, cash crops, hay and forage in that year. In order to establish a sustainable agricultural production system in the Volga region and ensure stable production in dry years, irrigation measures must be fully implemented. The February plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolshevik) made a decision: "... vigorously promote the construction of irrigation projects in the highlands of central Russia (Kursk, Voronezh, oriol, and tampov), along the Volga River, the north Caucasus, Ukraine, western Siberia, and the UN irrigated areas of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Kazakhstan, so as to establish planting areas that ensure the high yield of grain, oil and other crops." This book describes in detail the basic issues of growing major crops in Volga under specific conditions.