I dedicate the fourth volume of this encyclopedia to my beloved Turkmen people. In this book, I present a scientific justification for the development of medical science, human longevity, and the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, with the aim of enhancing the reputation of Turkmen science throughout the world and contributing to the well-being of every individual. In our country, public healthcare is closely linked to measures for environmental protection and improvement. Human beings need clean, fresh air, magnificent natural landscapes, wholesome and nutritious food, ecological safety, and a full range of vitamins. Nature is the source of everything necessary for human life. First and foremost are the essentials required by everyone: the air we breathe, water, and light. In general, every aspect of human existence is connected with nature. The natural environment of Turkmenistan is exceptionally rich in medicinal plants. Today, it is impossible to imagine medical practice without plant-derived medicines. For this reason, the Institute of Medicinal Plants was established in 1999, and since then it has conducted research on medicinal plants growing within Turkmenistan in order to supply the country's pharmaceutical industry with locally sourced plant raw materials. The great independence of our nation has made it possible to undertake comprehensive and in-depth research on the medicinal plants used in Turkmen folk medicine. Therefore, after studying the customs and traditions associated with medicinal plants, as well as the various methods used by local people to prepare plant-based remedies in folk medicine, methods that our ancestors transformed into a treasured component of Turkmen national heritage, and after drawing upon the best international experience, I described Turkmen medicinal plants and their therapeutic properties in the book Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan, based on scientific medical knowledge accumulated from ancient times to the present day. This volume not only contains photographs illustrating the development of the healthcare system in the capital and the regions of our country, but also presents newly constructed sanatoria and medical centers equipped with advanced scientific and technological achievements, as well as facilities recently built for health resorts, recreation, and tourism. The chapters of this book provide complete and essential information on plant-based medicines used in folk medicine and elevated to a scientific level by our ancestors. Detailed information is presented on 155 medicinal plant species regarded as valuable plant-derived therapeutic resources. The main purpose of this book is to broaden the knowledge of healthcare workers, collectors and custodians of medicinal plant materials, and all those working with plant-based remedies. The information covers plant structure, natural habitats, distinguishing characteristics, chemical composition, growth conditions, practical medical applications, collection periods and methods, storage regulations, and ecological significance. For centuries, more than 2,000 medicinal plant species growing on Turkmen soil have been used in Turkmen folk medicine. The ten-volume series Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan presents this rich heritage in detail. The first volume, consisting of three chapters, describes approximately 206 medicinal plants. The second volume, comprising two chapters, discusses 202 plant-derived medicinal substances. The third volume describes 141 medicinal plants that form part of the valuable therapeutic wealth of the plant kingdom and includes a phytotherapy index organized according to therapeutic applications. In Turkmen folk medicine, that is, traditional national medicine, more than 2,000 medicinal plant species have been used continuously for centuries. Dear readers, please remember: plant-derived medicines should be used only upon the recommendation and under the supervision of a physician. Remember that it is important not only to understand the beneficial effects of plant-based medicines on health, but also to know how to use them correctly. In addition, medicinal preparations should be made according to the prescriptions provided in the book and stored properly. I am confident that this book will contribute to the health of our people. May the life-giving source of health that Turkmen nature generously provides never run dry. May humanity and nature live forever in harmony!