The author conducted reconnaissance surveys of the vegetation of the Turkestan Range within the territories of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in 1934, 1937, and 1940 in accordance with assignments from the Tajik Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic. With the exception of the section of the southern slope east of the village of Pastigau and part of the northern slope west of the Shakhristan Pass located in Uzbekistan, most of the mountain range was surveyed. Owing to the lack of sufficient information concerning the areas not personally investigated by the author (for the western part of the northern slope in Uzbekistan, only data from the Guralash Nature Reserve are available, while information on the southern slope east of Pastigau as far as the Zeravshan River is entirely absent), it is impossible to present a complete picture of the vegetation of the whole mountain range. Accordingly, the present work is confined to a characterization of the vegetation covering the greater part of the range. The author's own research findings constitute the principal foundation of this study. The book describes an extensive territory encompassing primarily the Turkestan Range and its foothill zone, together with a smaller northern area consisting of the foothill plain. The area is situated approximately between 39°20′ (39°30′) N in the south, about 40°00′ (39°50′) N in the northern foothills of the central section of the range, and 40°20′ N in the east. The northern slope and foothill zone extend between 68°30′ and 70°50′ E longitude, while the southern slope lies between 67°30′ and 69°15′ E longitude. The surface boundaries are as follows: to the south, the Zeravshan River; to the west and northwest, the administrative boundary between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The northern boundary runs slightly north of Ura-Tyube and extends through Chauvinchi (on the Aksu River), Isfana, Lyai-Ilyak, Rabat, Dzhurt-Kuli, Kanibadam, and the village of Ravat, located where the Isfara River emerges onto the plain along the Syr Darya. The eastern boundary is formed by the Isfara River and its right-hand tributary, the Kshemash River (Fig. 1). The present study was completed in 1944. Prior to publication in 1955, it was thoroughly revised, and the literature published during the period 1945-1954 was taken into account. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to E. M. Lavrenko and P. N. Ovchinnikov for their valuable guidance, to A. I. Tolmachev for his assistance in completing the work, and to E. A. Varivtseva and M. I. Priyakhin for permitting the use of several community descriptions from their 1941 report.