在工业、交通、农业迅速发展和城市增长的条件下，自然保护和自然资源的合理利用已成为最重要的全国性任务之一，其正确解决与否关系到国民经济计划的顺利完成以及当代和子孙后代的福祉。难怪在整个文明世界，\"人与环境\"问题目前已被置于与和平利用原子能或征服太空等当代重大问题同等重要的地位。动物界是我们所处自然环境的重要组成部分之一，始终并继续对全人类具有重大意义。\n共产党和苏联政府高度重视自然保护和自然资源合理利用问题。例如，苏联各加盟共和国最高苏维埃均通过了《自然保护法》。1972年9月举行的苏联最高苏维埃会议专门讨论了自然保护，特别是动物保护的紧迫问题。此后不久，1972年12月29日，苏联共产党中央委员会和苏联部长会议发布了《关于加强自然保护和改进自然资源利用》的决议。\n为贯彻党和政府的这些重要文件，哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院动物学研究所和哈萨克自然保护协会于1973年2月15日至16日在阿拉木图市召开了题为\"哈萨克斯坦濒危与稀有兽类及鸟类，其保护与繁殖措施\"的共和国产学研会议。155人参加了会议：动物学家、狩猎业工作者、自然保护区及采购组织的员工、高等院校教师及其他专家。他们听取并讨论了33份报告，这些报告已单独结集出版¹。会议查明，近三个世纪以来，哈萨克斯坦已有若干种兽类灭绝。目前，共和国境内另有19种兽类和23种鸟类面临灭绝威胁。会议决定请求哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院（动物学研究所）筹备并出版一部《红皮书》，其中简要描述哈萨克斯坦稀有和濒危的兽类与鸟类，并指出其保护和繁殖的主要措施。\n后来，根据哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院进化研究所科研人员针对专项课题进行的野外调查结果，查明面临灭绝威胁的哺乳动物数量已达31种，鸟类43种，以及8种爬行动物、1种两栖动物和4种鱼类。因此，如果不采取专门的保护和繁殖措施，哈萨克斯坦动物区系中将有总共87种动物面临消失的威胁。\n本书主要由哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院进化研究所的研究人员撰写。各兽类分种概述由以下人员编写：阿·别克诺夫（赛加羚羊、荒漠猫、虎鼬、獾及帕米尔盘羊）、尤·阿·格拉乔夫（豺、天山棕熊、雪豹）、维·恩·卡利托诺夫（门氏鼩鼱、三趾矮跳鼠、盘羊）、赫·克·丘德尔巴耶夫（大耳猬、印度豪猪、鼹形鼠）、尤·斯·洛巴乔夫（欧洲水鼬、松貂与石貂、中亚水獭）、维·恩·马津（三趾心颅跳鼠）、斯·马赫穆托夫（野骆驼）、阿·阿·斯拉德科夫斯基（赤狐、沙狐、猞猁、狞猫、兔狲、丛林猫、猎豹）、叶·伊·斯特劳特曼（河狸）、瓦·阿·法杰耶夫（亚洲野驴、波斯羚）、恩·格·舒宾（普氏兔尾鼠与黄兔尾鼠）。\n鸟类概述的作者如下：埃·姆·阿乌埃佐夫（波斑鸨与遗鸥）、伊·弗·博罗迪欣（猛禽）、埃·恩·加夫里洛夫（百灵科）、阿·佩·吉斯洛夫（鹈鹕）、尤·恩·格拉乔夫（大鸨与阿尔泰雪鸡）、布·姆·古宾（疣鼻天鹅、黑鹳、红胸黑雁）、阿·弗·科夫沙里（鸨科鸟类）、阿·斯·列文（大鸨）、阿·姆·谢扎（沙鸡）、弗·弗·赫罗科夫（火烈鸟、鸻鹬类）。\n个别爬行动物种类由埃·凯·布鲁什科（灰巨蜥、黄颔蛇属的黄腹与红条物种、陆龟）和尔·阿·库贝金（花脊游蛇、细游蛇与四线锦蛇）描述，塞米列契蟾蜍的概述也由他们撰写。\n基洛夫哈萨克国立大学的员工编写了鱼类概述：阿·阿·巴赫捷托夫——关于锡尔河铲鼻鲟和咸海鲑；格·姆·杜克拉韦奇——关于里海鲑；以及维·普·米罗法诺夫——关于裸腹鲟。\n动物哈萨克语名称由特·阿·阿布拉耶夫和特·恩·努鲁莫夫统一。\n示意图地图仅反映动物在哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国境内的分布。\n《红皮书》是一个警示信号，它警告我们某些种类的动物正面临危险，它们需要得到特别精心的保护，并且禁止以任何方式猎捕它们。这本书不仅是记录过去的巨大损失、现在和未来威胁的清单，而且是一个警报，也是一项旨在保护珍稀和濒危动物、增加其数量的行动计划。\n《红皮书》的主要任务是向广大群众宣传脊椎动物的有益作用，使读者了解哈萨克斯坦的稀有和濒危动物，并指出保护和繁殖它们的主要措施。只有共同努力，才能防止我们的动物区系遭受难以弥补的损失，并将其保存给后代。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：A. A. 斯卢茨科伊（А. А. Слудский） Е. В.格沃兹杰夫（Е. В. Гвоздев）Ш. Ж.阿利耶夫（Ш. Ж. Алиев）А. Б. 别热诺夫（А. Б. Беженов）Э. И.加夫里洛夫（Э. И. Гаврилов）А. Ж.朱莫季洛夫（А. Ж. Жумодилов）А. Ф.科维亚里（А. Ф. Ковиарь）Е. И. 斯特劳吉安（Е. И. Страугиан）\n出版社：Издательство《Кайнар》\n出版地：阿拉木图\n出版年：1978年\n页数：204页\n语种：俄文\n分类号：УДК 502.743:575.79(574)\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70001672
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 139404595, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "fa23748f-ae79-484a-83b9-4b1e41c3b8cf.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "180.57" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-16 11:10:26", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-16 16:41:33", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02361", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202508190001（XJLASRU70001672）双层.pdf", "size": 139404595, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Red Book of the Kazakhstan Soviet Socialist Republic Volume 1: Vertebrate Animals", "ds_abstract": "Under conditions of rapid industrial, transportation, and agricultural development, together with urban expansion, nature conservation and the rational utilization of natural resources have become among the most important national tasks. The correct solution of these problems is directly related to the successful fulfillment of national economic plans and to the well-being of both present and future generations. It is therefore not surprising that throughout the civilized world, the issue of “Man and the Environment” has been placed on the same level of importance as such major contemporary challenges as the peaceful use of atomic energy and the conquest of outer space. The animal kingdom is one of the most important components of our natural environment and has always been, and continues to be, of great significance to all humankind.\r\n\r\nThe Communist Party and the Soviet Government attached great importance to the protection of nature and the rational use of natural resources. For example, the Supreme Soviets of all Union Republics adopted laws on nature conservation. In September 1972, a session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was devoted specifically to urgent issues of nature protection, particularly the protection of wildlife. Shortly thereafter, on December 29, 1972, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers of the USSR issued the resolution “On Strengthening Nature Protection and Improving the Utilization of Natural Resources.”\r\n\r\nIn implementation of these important Party and Government directives, the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic and the Kazakhstan Society for Nature Protection convened a republican scientific conference in Alma-Ata on February 15–16, 1973, entitled “Endangered and Rare Mammals and Birds of Kazakhstan and Measures for Their Protection and Reproduction.” A total of 155 participants attended the conference, including zoologists, hunting specialists, employees of nature reserves and procurement organizations, university faculty members, and other experts. They heard and discussed thirty-three reports, which were subsequently published in a separate volume. The conference established that, over the preceding three centuries, several mammal species had already become extinct in Kazakhstan. At that time, an additional nineteen mammal species and twenty-three bird species within the republic were under threat of extinction. The conference resolved to request the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (Institute of Zoology) to prepare and publish a Red Data Book containing concise descriptions of Kazakhstan’s rare and endangered mammals and birds, together with the principal measures necessary for their protection and propagation.\r\n\r\nSubsequently, based on the results of field investigations conducted by researchers of the Institute of Evolution of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR under a special research program, it was determined that the number of mammal species threatened with extinction had reached thirty-one, in addition to forty-three bird species, eight reptile species, one amphibian species, and four fish species. Consequently, unless special protective and propagation measures are undertaken, a total of eighty-seven animal species within the fauna of Kazakhstan may disappear.\r\n\r\nThis book was written primarily by researchers of the Institute of Evolution of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. The species accounts for mammals were prepared by the following authors:\r\n\r\nA. Bekenov (saiga antelope, desert cat, marbled polecat, badger, and Marco Polo sheep);\r\n Yu. A. Grachov (jackal, Tien Shan brown bear, and snow leopard);\r\n V. N. Kalitonov (Menzbier’s shrew, three-toed pygmy jerboa, and argali);\r\n Kh. K. Chuderbayev (long-eared hedgehog, Indian porcupine, and mole-rat);\r\n Yu. S. Lobachev (European mink, pine marten and stone marten, and Central Asian otter);\r\n V. N. Mazin (three-toed thick-tailed jerboa);\r\n S. Makhmutov (wild camel);\r\n A. A. Sladkovsky (red fox, corsac fox, lynx, caracal, Pallas’s cat, jungle cat, and cheetah);\r\n Ye. I. Strautman (beaver);\r\n V. A. Fadeyev (Asiatic wild ass and Persian gazelle);\r\n N. G. Shubin (Przewalski’s birch mouse and yellow birch mouse).\r\n\r\nThe authors of the bird accounts were as follows:\r\n\r\nE. M. Auyezov (Macqueen’s bustard and the relict gull);\r\n I. F. Borodikhin (birds of prey);\r\n E. N. Gavrilov (larks);\r\n A. P. Gislov (pelicans);\r\n Yu. N. Grachov (great bustard and Altai snowcock);\r\n B. M. Gubin (mute swan, black stork, and red-breasted goose);\r\n A. F. Kovshar (members of the bustard family);\r\n A. S. Levin (great bustard);\r\n A. M. Sheza (sandgrouse);\r\n V. V. Khrokov (flamingos and shorebirds).\r\nDescriptions of individual reptile species were prepared by E. K. Brusko (desert monitor, yellow-bellied and red-striped species of the genus Coluber, and the tortoise) and R. A. Kubekin (the patterned racer, slender racer, and four-lined snake). They also prepared the account of the Semirechye toad.\r\n\r\nThe fish accounts were prepared by staff members of Kirov Kazakh State University:\r\nA. A. Bakhtetov, on the Syr Darya shovelnose sturgeon and the Aral salmon;\r\n G. M. Dukravich, on the Caspian salmon;\r\n and V. P. Mirofanov, on the ship sturgeon.\r\n\r\nThe Kazakh names of animals were standardized by T. A. Ablayev and T. N. Nurumov.\r\n\r\nThe distribution maps included in the volume reflect only the occurrence of animals within the territory of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.\r\n\r\nThe Red Data Book is a warning signal. It alerts us that certain animal species are in danger, require particularly careful protection, and must not be hunted in any way. This book is not merely a record of the great losses of the past or a list of present and future threats. It is also an alarm and a program of action aimed at protecting rare and endangered animals and increasing their populations.\r\n\r\nThe principal task of the Red Data Book is to educate the general public about the beneficial role of vertebrates, to acquaint readers with the rare and endangered animals of Kazakhstan, and to indicate the primary measures necessary for their protection and propagation. Only through collective efforts can we prevent our fauna from suffering irreparable losses and preserve it for future generations.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): A. A. Slutski (А.А.Слудский） Е.В. Gwozdev (.В.Гвоздев）Ш.Ж. Aliyev (Ж.Алиев）А.Б. Bezhenov (А.Б.Беженов）Э.И. Gavrilov (.И.Гаврилов）А.Ж. Jumotilov (А.Ж.Жумодилов）А.Ф. Coviari (А.Ф.Ковиарь）Е.И. StraughianИ.Страугиан）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда тельство \"Кайнар\"\r\nPublished: Almaty\r\nPublication year: 1978\r\nPages: 204 pages\r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nClassification No.: У п б 502.743:575.79(574)\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70001672", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Library Collection Resources Digital Processing Specifications\", fully complying with the data information of the \"Red Book of the Kazakhstan Soviet Socialist Republic, Volume 1: Vertebrate Animals\", without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Red Book of the Kazakhstan Soviet Socialist Republic, Volume 1: Vertebrate\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data information of the \"Red Book of the Kazakhstan Soviet Socialist Republic, Volume 1: Vertebrate\" was unchanged and deleted. The data quality was reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "脊椎动物分类", "动物区系" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "动物学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "哈萨克斯坦苏维埃社会主义共和国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1978 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }