自然保护区是自然保护的最高形式。苏联境内的自然保护区网络是在科学基础上，根据国家及各加盟共和国的计划逐步建立起来的。\n在苏联，对国家自然保护区的地位已形成牢固、进步的认识。与国外流行的国家公园不同，我国自然保护区内禁止任何经济活动。也不允许非专业人士（包括游客）大规模、无组织地参观自然保护区（为旅游目的会划定专门路线）。自然保护区是保持自然、原始状态的典型自然区域。它们对于保护自然生态系统、动植物，以及在不受人类干扰的条件下研究自然过程是必需的。此类自然保护区现在已开始被称为生物圈自然保护区。\n一个必要条件是必须在自然保护区内进行科学研究工作，其中最重要的部分便是\"自然编年史\"——对主要自然对象进行持续的全年度观测。在自然保护区内进行\"自然编年史\"观测始于40多年前，由国内著名生态学家、博物学家阿·恩·福尔莫佐夫教授倡议。实质上，在\"自然编年史\"这一朴素而深刻的思想中，已包含了如今正广泛应用于世界科学的生物圈监测——即生物圈状况监控服务——的理论和实践基础。\n本书是一本参考手册，包含关于苏联127个自然保护区及自然保护区-狩猎场的简要信息。按加盟共和国对自然保护区进行描述。简要特征按照统一方案编写，但由于某些自然保护区材料不足，该方案并非总是被严格遵循。总体而言，本书具有登记簿的性质。这一点值得强调，因为关于国家保护区（包括自然保护区）登记簿的概念才刚刚开始获得认可。制定生物登记簿的构想始于自然保护中心实验室，目前正在以其为基础组建的苏联农业部全苏自然保护及自然保护区事务科学研究所内进行研制。\n在编写本书时，作者利用了文献资料、原始材料和部门材料。特别是关于许多自然保护区，尤其是新近成立的，使用了各共和国自然保护机构的数据，其中首先应提及俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国部长会议下属狩猎业及自然保护区管理总局。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：А. М. 博罗金娜（А. М.Бородина）Е. Е. 瑟罗耶奇科夫斯基（Е. Е.Сыроечковский）\n出版社：Издательство «Лесная промышленность»\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1980年\n页数：240页\n语种：俄文\n分类号：УДК 630*907.1\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70024701
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《苏联的自然保护区》的数据信息，未改动删减。
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《苏联的自然保护区》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《苏联的自然保护区》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 167567562, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "dae846c0-195f-44f7-8a06-a78a86925cf9.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.4510" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-16 19:51:40", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-17 10:22:40", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02399", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202508270001（XJLASRU70024701）双层.pdf", "size": 167567562, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Nature reserves in the Soviet Union", "ds_abstract": "Nature reserves represent the highest form of nature conservation. The network of nature reserves within the Soviet Union was established gradually on a scientific basis and in accordance with the plans of the state and the individual Union republics.\r\n\r\nIn the Soviet Union, a firm and progressive understanding of the status of state nature reserves has been established. Unlike the national parks common in other countries, any economic activity is prohibited within our nature reserves. Large-scale, unorganized visits by non-specialists, including tourists, are also not permitted (special routes are designated for tourism purposes). Nature reserves are typical natural areas maintained in their natural and pristine state. They are essential for the preservation of natural ecosystems, flora and fauna, and for the study of natural processes under conditions free from human interference. Such reserves have now begun to be referred to as biosphere reserves.\r\n\r\nAn essential requirement is that scientific research must be conducted within nature reserves, the most important component of which is the \"Chronicle of Nature\" - continuous year-round observations of major natural phenomena and objects. Observations under the \"Chronicle of Nature\" program in nature reserves began more than forty years ago at the initiative of the distinguished ecologist and naturalist Professor A. N. Formozov. In essence, the simple yet profound concept of the \"Chronicle of Nature\" already contained the theoretical and practical foundations of what is now widely applied in world science as biosphere monitoring, that is, a system for monitoring the state of the biosphere.\r\n\r\nThis book is a reference handbook containing brief information on 127 nature reserves and reserve-hunting areas in the Soviet Union. The reserves are described according to the Union republics in which they are located. The brief descriptions were prepared according to a unified scheme; however, because information on some reserves was insufficient, this scheme could not always be followed strictly. Overall, the book has the character of a register. This point deserves emphasis, since the concept of a register of state protected areas, including nature reserves, has only recently begun to gain recognition. The idea of creating biological registers originated in the Nature Conservation Center Laboratory and is currently being developed at the All-Union Research Institute for Nature Conservation and Nature Reserve Affairs of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture, which is being established on that basis.\r\n\r\nIn preparing this book, the authors made use of published literature, primary sources, and departmental materials. In particular, for many reserves, especially those established recently, data were obtained from the nature conservation authorities of the individual republics. Foremost among these was the Main Administration for Hunting and Nature Reserves under the Council of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): А.М. Borokina (А.М.Бородина）Е.Е. SyrojechkovskyЕ.Сыроечковский）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда т е л ь с тво « л е с н ая промы л е н н н о с т ь»\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1980\r\nPages: 240 pages\r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nClassification No.: У п К 630*907.1\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70024701", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", fully complying with the data information of \"Nature Reserves of the Soviet Union\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Nature Reserves of the Soviet Union\" were processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data of \"Nature Reserves of the Soviet Union\" was not changed and deleted. Information, the data quality is reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "自然保护区", "生态调查" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "自然地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1980 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }