南哈萨克斯坦州的博斯坦德克地区无疑是哈萨克斯坦自然中的一颗明珠。强大的山地地形、切入深邃峡谷的汹涌山间河流、独特的地质历史（在哈萨克斯坦这一地区保存了第三纪森林景观的遗迹），以及除土著哈萨克人外还包括乌兹别克人、塔吉克人和吉尔吉斯人的独特混居人口，在哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国的广阔领土上是独一无二的。同时，必须指出，这个令人赞叹的地区在某种程度上与哈萨克斯坦其他领土相隔绝，因为巨大的山脉——西北部的乌加姆山脉、北部的塔拉斯阿拉套山脉和东部的恰特卡尔山脉（与吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国交界）——完全封闭了从这三个方向进入博斯坦德克地区的通道。它只从南部和西南部面向塔什干平原敞开，而且非登山者要进入那里，必须绕道经过乌兹别克共和国首都——塔什干市。\n可能正是因为这个原因，博斯坦德克地区在哈萨克斯坦相对鲜为人知。它与塔什干的相对接近（仅90-100公里）导致了这样一种情况：多年来该地区研究工作的主动权完全属于乌兹别克斯坦的学者。中亚国立大学的地质学家和地理学家、气象学家和水文学家、动物学家以及一群才华横溢的植物学家都曾到过这里，并在许多已发表的科学著作中阐述了他们富有成果的研究结果。对哈萨克斯坦科学家来说不幸的是，来自博斯坦德克地区的大部分各种自然史藏品都留在了塔什干庞大的库藏中，而哈萨克斯坦仅有极少的一部分。然而，近10-15年来，随着各种综述性著作（如乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国地质学、乌兹别克斯坦植物志等）的编纂，由于博斯坦德克地区是哈萨克斯坦的领土，乌兹别克斯坦学者在该地区的研究实际上已经停止。于是出现了一种非同寻常的局面：中亚自然条件最丰富的地区之一实际上没有人在进行研究，它完全脱离了科学研究领域。\n这种状况不能再被容忍。根据哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院主席团的倡议和哈萨克斯坦政府的委托，植物研究所被要求组织对博斯坦德克地区自然资源的全面研究，并在最短时间内对这一最有趣地区的自然和经济发展条件做出专业的科学描述。植物研究所成功地吸引了一些其他研究所甚至不属于哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院系统的机构（例如全苏农业科学院哈萨克斯坦分院的博斯坦德克试验田）的代表参与这项重要工作。因此，本文集是以下人员集体劳动的成果：哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院院士、教授Н.В.巴甫洛夫为该文集撰写了自然地理描述、研究史、植物区系分析和植被景观垂直地带性特征（第一至第四章）；哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院植物研究所高级研究员、科学博士Б.А.贝科夫编制了该地区的植被图，并详细描述了该地区的植物群落（第五章），主要是森林群落；同一研究所高级研究员、副博士С.Р.施瓦尔茨曼描述了博斯坦德克地区林木的真菌病害（第八章）；哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院动物学研究所高级研究员、副博士М.Н.科列洛夫编写了该地区的动物区系概述（第十一章）；土壤学研究所高级研究员、科学博士М.А.格拉佐夫斯卡娅撰写了博斯坦德克土壤的特征（第九章）。\n在地区的农业特征方面，如上所述，我们得到了全苏列宁农业科学院哈萨克斯坦分院博斯坦德克试验田负责人员的友好帮助。该分院高级研究员、副博士С.С.卡尔梅科夫撰写了详尽的第六章，关于该地区的野生果树和坚果植物；同一分院高级研究员、副博士А.С.古卡相编写了该地区栽培果树和葡萄栽培的特征（第七章）。\n最后，哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院地理研究室高级研究员、副博士И.М.纳扎连科根据其副博士论文，负责撰写了关于该地区农业生产现状及其根本改造前景的第十章。总结研究成果和结论的最后一章由哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院院士、教授Н.В.巴甫洛夫撰写。\n苏共中央1953年九月全会以及随后1954年二月至三月关于发展粮食生产和畜牧业的决议，促使我们仔细地重新审视了研究的材料和建议，并使我们确信，博斯坦德克地区的山区部分以其自然和经济条件，极其适宜于广泛的工业化果树栽培和葡萄栽培的发展，能够在提高哈萨克斯坦的福利和经济方面发挥重要作用。而地区北部粮食生产的发展，将使其南部更多地关注果树栽培。\n文集的编纂者们希望他们的工作足以提升人们对哈萨克共和国这个鲜为人知的亚热带地区的科学和实践兴趣，并有助于更快地发展其多样化和独特经济的生产力。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Д. М.格拉济林娜（Д. М. Глазырина）\n出版社：Издательство Академии наук Казахской ССР\n出版地：阿拉木图\n出版年：1956年\n页数：328页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70001884\n
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-07-17 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-07-17 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 36651559, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "bea18b86-9667-4655-9a1c-2327ecf3651d.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-18 10:30:04", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-21 19:44:04", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01882", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250717002(XJLASRU70001884).pdf", "size": 36651559, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Natural and economic conditions in the Bostandek Mountains", "ds_abstract": "The Bostandyk District of South Kazakhstan Oblast is undoubtedly one of the natural jewels of Kazakhstan. Its imposing mountain landscapes, turbulent mountain rivers carving through deep gorges, and unique geological history, which has preserved remnants of Tertiary forest landscapes found nowhere else in Kazakhstan, together with its distinctive population composed not only of indigenous Kazakhs but also of Uzbeks, Tajiks, and Kyrgyz, make it a region unlike any other within the vast territory of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. At the same time, it should be noted that this remarkable area is, in a sense, isolated from the rest of Kazakhstan. Massive mountain ranges, namely the Ugam Range to the northwest, the Talas Alatau to the north, and the Chatkal Range to the east along the border with the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic, completely block access to Bostandyk District from those directions. Only the south and southwest remain open toward the Tashkent Plain, and for anyone who is not a mountaineer, reaching the area requires traveling through the capital of the Uzbek Republic, the city of Tashkent.\r\n\r\nIt is perhaps for this reason that the Bostandyk District has remained relatively little known within Kazakhstan. Its close proximity to Tashkent, only about 90-100 kilometers away, led to a situation in which the initiative in studying the region belonged almost entirely to scholars from Uzbekistan for many years. Geologists, geographers, meteorologists, hydrologists, zoologists, and a distinguished group of botanists from Central Asian State University all worked in the area and published the results of their fruitful investigations in numerous scientific works. Unfortunately for Kazakhstan, most of the natural-history collections gathered in Bostandyk remained in the extensive repositories of Tashkent, while Kazakhstan received only a very small portion of them. During the last ten to fifteen years, however, with the preparation of major survey publications such as The Geology of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic and The Flora of Uzbekistan, research activities by Uzbek scholars in Bostandyk have virtually ceased because the region belongs to Kazakhstan. As a result, an unusual situation emerged: one of the most naturally diverse and resource-rich areas of Central Asia was effectively left without active scientific investigation and became detached from the sphere of systematic research.\r\n\r\nSuch a situation could no longer be tolerated. At the initiative of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic and by directive of the Government of Kazakhstan, the Institute of Botany was charged with organizing a comprehensive study of the natural resources of the Bostandyk District and with preparing, within a short period of time, a professional scientific description of the natural and economic conditions of this exceptionally interesting region. The Institute of Botany successfully attracted representatives of a number of other institutions, including several organizations outside the system of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Among them was the Bostandyk Experimental Farm of the Kazakhstan Branch of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences.\r\n\r\nAs a result, the present volume is the product of collective effort. Academician and Professor N. V. Pavlov of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR prepared the sections dealing with the physical-geographical description of the region, the history of its investigation, analysis of the flora, and the altitudinal zonation of vegetation landscapes (Chapters 1-4). Senior Research Fellow and Doctor of Sciences B. A. Bekov of the Institute of Botany compiled the vegetation map of the region and provided a detailed description of its plant communities, especially forest associations (Chapter 5). Senior Research Fellow and Candidate of Sciences S. R. Shvartsman of the same institute described fungal diseases affecting the forests of the Bostandyk District (Chapter 8). Senior Research Fellow and Candidate of Sciences M. N. Korelov of the Institute of Zoology prepared a survey of the region's fauna (Chapter 11). Senior Research Fellow and Doctor of Sciences M. A. Glazovskaya of the Institute of Soil Science authored the chapter on the soils of Bostandyk (Chapter 9).\r\n\r\nWith regard to the agricultural characteristics of the region, valuable assistance was provided by staff members of the Bostandyk Experimental Farm of the Kazakhstan Branch of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Senior Research Fellow and Candidate of Sciences S. S. Kalmekov prepared the detailed Chapter 6 devoted to wild fruit and nut-bearing plants of the region. Another Senior Research Fellow and Candidate of Sciences, A. S. Gukasyan, described the cultivation of fruit crops and viticulture in the area (Chapter 7).\r\n\r\nFinally, Senior Research Fellow and Candidate of Sciences I. M. Nazarenko of the Geographical Research Unit of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR authored Chapter 10, which examines the current state of agricultural production in the district and the prospects for its fundamental transformation, based on his Candidate dissertation. The concluding chapter, summarizing the results and principal findings of the investigation, was written by Academician and Professor N. V. Pavlov.\r\n\r\nThe September 1953 Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the subsequent resolutions adopted in February-March 1954 concerning the expansion of grain production and livestock farming prompted the authors to review carefully the research materials and recommendations presented in this work. This review strengthened their conviction that the mountainous portion of the Bostandyk District, because of its natural and economic conditions, is exceptionally well suited for the large-scale development of industrial fruit-growing and viticulture and can play a significant role in improving the welfare and economic strength of Kazakhstan. At the same time, expanded grain production in the northern part of the district would enable the southern part to focus more intensively on fruit cultivation.\r\n\r\nThe compilers of this volume hope that their work will stimulate both scientific and practical interest in this little-known subtropical region of the Kazakh Republic and contribute to the more rapid development of the productive forces of its diverse and unique economy.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): п.М. Grazilina (п.М.Глазырина）\r\nPublished by: А з д а т ельс тво А к а д еми наук с к ой С С СР\r\nPublished: Almaty\r\nPublication year: 1956\r\nPages: 328 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70001884\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Natural and Economic Conditions in the Bostandek Mountains\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Natural and Economic Conditions in the Bostandek Mountains\" were electronically processed and processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the \"Bostandek Mountains\" was unchanged and deleted. The data information of the \"Natural and Economic Conditions in the Bostandek Mountains\" is of reliable quality.\r\n
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