苏共第二十三次代表大会关于苏联1966-1970年国民经济发展五年计划的指示规定，农业产品的年平均产量要比上一个五年计划期间该产品的年平均产量增长25%。为稳步发展畜牧业，指示规定了一系列措施，包括提高天然饲料地的生产力、扩大人工牧场等。\n只有在建立稳固的饲料基地的条件下，游牧畜牧业的顺利发展和生产力的提高才成为可能。\n近十年来，在乌兹别克斯坦，许多科研和生产机构正广泛展开这方面的研究和试验工作，参与方包括：乌兹别克斯坦科学院植物研究所、全苏卡拉库尔羊科学研究所、乌兹别克畜牧科学研究所、列宁塔什干国立大学、乌兹别克国家土地规划设计院、乌兹别克林业科学研究所、乌兹别克农业部牧场改良建设托拉斯等。\n在克孜勒库姆沙漠中部，基于自流灌溉的极地农业正在顺利发展。牧场改良建设托拉斯已向生产部门移交了约一千五百公顷经过改良整理的土地，布哈拉州的集体农庄在这些土地上成功种植了苜蓿、高粱、玉米、苏丹草、瓜菜作物；在新灌溉的土地上，出现了大面积的人工林和灌木林，并形成了居民点。\n为了通过造林提高荒漠牧场土地的生产力以改善贫乏的植物群落或建立牧场防护林带，正在开展大量研究最具价值牧场植物的生物学、生理学和生态学的工作。乌兹别克斯坦科学院植物研究所、全苏卡拉库尔羊科学研究所和乌兹别克畜牧科学研究所已在这方面取得了显著成就。\n牧场农业气象学的成就不应被排除在这些重要问题的解决过程之外。通过对牧场植物生长和发育的大量观测材料进行统计处理所获得的农业气象指标，可用于植物改良工作，用于解决为改善贫乏植物群落和创建新的植物群落而选择植物组分的复杂问题。\n应用评价已形成的农业气象条件及预报预期农业气象条件的方法，将能够正确利用牧场植物发育的生物生态学特性，以实现中亚各共和国平原、山前地带及山坡地区大规模的植物改良计划。\n合理组织游牧畜牧业的系统中也包含水文气象服务，对此的需求逐年增长。水文气象服务的形式之一是游牧畜牧业的农业气象服务。这首先是指在畜牧业主要生产活动期间提供关于不利气象现象的信息和预警；其次是对牧场植被生长的既有条件进行农业气象评价；最后是针对具体自然地理区域和地方生产管理局，对牧场植被发育、生长及产量形成的农业气象条件进行长期预报。\n农业气象评价和预报问题的实质，在于确定牧场植物的发育、生长和产量与生长季气象条件之间的定性和定量联系。\n然而，解决这些问题的困难首先在于缺乏与气象数据相配套的、关于物候学和植物产量的多年优质资料，这反过来又源于对生长在中亚沙漠中的各种植物形态进行观测的复杂性。\n大约有25-30种植物是荒漠牧场的主要饲料植物和景观形成植物。这些物种分属于数个科和不同的经济类群，具有各自特有的生物学特性、多样的发育周期，这决定了它们被牲畜利用的季节性和不同程度。\n同样已知的是，每种植物在热能需求方面表现不同（李森科，1928），对水分保障条件的反应也不同（科罗文，1958）。因此，必须具体考虑每种植物的生物学和生态学特性、其与气候和地带性现象规律相关的发育节律和动态。\n近二三十年来，在苏联地植物学家关于牧场饲料评价的著作中，曾多次涉及牧场植被发育与气象条件综合因素之间联系的问题。在地植物学研究中，通常描述了植物发育节律的定性方面，确认了牧场生产力与天气之间的联系，利用个别定位站的资料揭示了牧场植物产量的季节动态等等。\n在这方面，应注意到叶·彼·科罗文、姆·姆·萨维茨卡娅的大量工作，以及伊·斯·阿梅林和阿·恩·巴赫连科夫、奥·伊·莫罗佐娃在尼沙和穆巴拉克定位站的研究。\n在中亚水文气象科学研究所（САНИГМИ）和乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国水文气象局天气处农业气象预报科，这些方法得到了广泛应用，并已在哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和土库曼斯坦的游牧畜牧业业务服务中进行试验和运用。在吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦，也开始了关于牧场农业气象学的个别研究工作。\n本研究在中亚水文气象科学研究所完成，基于作者在САНИГМИ于克孜勒库姆沙漠不同地区进行的11次农业气象考察中长达九年（1958-1966年）的观测资料。工作中大量使用了乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国水文气象局所属八个沙漠气象站的多年的观测资料（7-13年）。部分利用了位于克孜勒库姆沙漠内或与该沙漠接壤地区的哈萨克和土库曼气象站的观测资料。\n研究还纳入了作者于1957-1962年在САНИГМИ实验基地——博兹苏农业气象站——进行短命禾本科植物播种的实验室-田间试验的一些结果。\n哈萨克水文气象科学研究所的地理科学博士阿·彼·费多谢耶夫和农业科学副博士格·格·别洛博罗多娃为这项工作提供了重要的方法论帮助。\n材料的数学处理是在斯·姆·科济克的指导和直接协助下完成的。\n在考察队的野外工作期间，列宁塔什干国立大学生物土壤系地植物学与植物系统学教研室的學生以及САНИГМИ农业气象科的技术人员定期参与。\n自1962年起，САНИГМИ农业气象科科研人员帕·阿·安积极参与了考察工作，他是第五、六、七章中某些章节的合著者。\n在САНИГМИ定位农业气象考察工作中，布扎乌拜气象站（站长阿·姆·科托夫，1958-1959年）和阿克拜塔尔气象站（站长格·恩·利沃夫，1959-1961年；阿·格·科舍列夫，1961-1963年）的员工集体提供了大力帮助。\n在实验室-田间试验的进行中，САНИГМИ农业气象科高级技术员姆·彼·菲利蒙诺娃积极参与。\n特·恩·沙霍娃和勒·阿·舍斯塔科娃在图件材料的整理方面做了大量工作。\n作者谨向所有上述同志表示诚挚的谢意，感谢他们在野外资料收集和专著撰写期间所提供的帮助和支持。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：И.Г.格林洛弗（И.Г.Грингоф）\n出版社： Гидрометеорологическое издательство\n出版地：列宁格勒\n出版年：1967年\n页数：138页\n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70018613
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 79479243, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "bb731447-a6cb-42ad-b043-b3be9b39c89e.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "210.2050" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-15 17:50:41", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-16 17:27:20", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02340", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202508120002（XJLASRU70018613）双层.pdf", "size": 79479243, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Relationship between forage plants and weather in the Kizilkum Desert", "ds_abstract": "The directives of the Twenty-Third Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union concerning the Five-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy of the USSR for 1966-1970 stipulated that the average annual output of agricultural products should increase by 25 percent compared with the average annual production achieved during the previous five-year period. To ensure the steady development of animal husbandry, the directives prescribed a number of measures, including increasing the productivity of natural forage lands and expanding improved artificial pastures.\r\n\r\nThe successful development of pastoral livestock husbandry and the increase of its productivity are possible only when a stable fodder base has been established.\r\n\r\nOver the past decade, numerous scientific and production organizations in Uzbekistan have been conducting extensive research and experimental work in this field. Participants include the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, the All-Union Karakul Sheep Research Institute, the Uzbek Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Lenin Tashkent State University, the Uzbek State Institute for Land Planning and Design, the Uzbek Forestry Research Institute, and the Pasture Improvement and Development Trust of the Ministry of Agriculture of Uzbekistan.\r\n\r\nIn the central Kyzylkum Desert, oasis agriculture based on artesian irrigation has been developing successfully. The Pasture Improvement and Development Trust has transferred approximately 1,500 hectares of reclaimed and improved land to agricultural enterprises. Collective farms in Bukhara Oblast have successfully cultivated alfalfa, sorghum, maize, Sudan grass, melons, and vegetable crops on these lands. Large areas of planted forests and shrublands have appeared on newly irrigated lands, and new settlements have emerged.\r\n\r\nIn order to increase the productivity of desert pasturelands through afforestation, improve impoverished plant communities, and establish shelterbelts for pasture protection, extensive studies are being conducted on the biology, physiology, and ecology of the most valuable pasture plants. Significant achievements in this field have been made by the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, the All-Union Karakul Sheep Research Institute, and the Uzbek Research Institute of Animal Husbandry.\r\n\r\nThe achievements of pasture agrometeorology should not be excluded from the process of solving these important problems. Agrometeorological indicators obtained through the statistical analysis of extensive observations of pasture plant growth and development can be used in plant improvement programs and in addressing the complex issue of selecting plant components for the enhancement of degraded vegetation communities and the creation of new ones.\r\n\r\nThe application of methods for evaluating existing agrometeorological conditions and forecasting expected agrometeorological conditions makes it possible to utilize correctly the bioecological characteristics of pasture plant development in order to implement large-scale vegetation improvement programs across the plains, foothill zones, and mountain slopes of the Central Asian republics.\r\n\r\nHydrometeorological services also form an essential component of the rational organization of pastoral livestock husbandry, and the demand for such services is increasing every year. One form of this support is agrometeorological service for pastoral livestock production. This includes, first, the provision of information and warnings concerning adverse weather phenomena during the principal periods of livestock-production activity; second, the agrometeorological assessment of existing conditions affecting pasture vegetation growth; and finally, long-range forecasts of agrometeorological conditions governing the development, growth, and yield formation of pasture vegetation for specific natural-geographical regions and local production administrations.\r\n\r\nThe essence of agrometeorological evaluation and forecasting lies in determining the qualitative and quantitative relationships between the development, growth, and productivity of pasture plants and the meteorological conditions prevailing during the growing season.\r\n\r\nHowever, the primary difficulty in solving these problems is the lack of long-term, high-quality phenological and plant-yield records corresponding to meteorological observations. This deficiency, in turn, arises from the complexity of observing the diverse plant forms that grow in the deserts of Central Asia.\r\n\r\nApproximately 25 to 30 plant species constitute the principal forage and landscape-forming vegetation of desert pastures. These species belong to several botanical families and different economic groups and possess distinctive biological characteristics and diverse developmental cycles, factors that determine both the seasonal patterns and the varying degrees of their utilization by livestock.\r\n\r\nIt is also known that individual plant species differ in their heat requirements (Lysenko, 1928) and in their responses to moisture conditions (Korovin, 1958). Consequently, it is necessary to take into account the specific biological and ecological features of each species, together with the rhythms and dynamics of its development associated with climate and zonal environmental phenomena.\r\n\r\nDuring the past two or three decades, Soviet geobotanists have repeatedly addressed the relationship between pasture vegetation development and the combined influence of meteorological conditions in studies devoted to the evaluation of pasture forage resources. Geobotanical investigations have generally described the qualitative aspects of plant developmental rhythms, established connections between pasture productivity and weather conditions, and used data from individual observation stations to reveal seasonal dynamics in pasture-plant yields.\r\n\r\nParticular attention should be given in this regard to the extensive work of Ye. P. Korovin and M. M. Savitskaya, as well as to the investigations conducted by I. S. Amelin, A. N. Bakhlenkov, and O. I. Morozova at the Nisha and Mubarak observation stations.\r\n\r\nAt the Central Asian Hydrometeorological Research Institute (SANIGMI) and the Agrometeorological Forecasting Section of the Weather Service of the Hydrometeorological Administration of the Uzbek SSR, these methods have been widely applied and tested in operational services for pastoral livestock husbandry in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. Individual studies in pasture agrometeorology have also begun in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.\r\n\r\nThe present study was carried out at the Central Asian Hydrometeorological Research Institute and is based on nine years of observations (1958-1966) collected during eleven agrometeorological expeditions conducted by the author in different regions of the Kyzylkum Desert on behalf of SANIGMI. Extensive use was also made of long-term observational records (7 to 13 years) from eight desert meteorological stations operated by the Hydrometeorological Administration of the Uzbek SSR. In addition, data from Kazakh and Turkmen meteorological stations located within or adjacent to the Kyzylkum Desert were utilized.\r\n\r\nThe research also incorporated certain results from laboratory-field experiments on the sowing of ephemeral grasses conducted by the author during 1957-1962 at SANIGMI's experimental base, the Bozsu Agrometeorological Station.\r\n\r\nDoctor of Geographical Sciences A. P. Fedoseyev of the Kazakhstan Hydrometeorological Research Institute and Candidate of Agricultural Sciences G. G. Beloborodova provided important methodological assistance in this work.\r\n\r\nThe mathematical processing of the materials was carried out under the guidance and with the direct assistance of S. M. Kozik.\r\n\r\nDuring the fieldwork of the expeditions, students of the Department of Geobotany and Plant Systematics of the Faculty of Biology and Soil Science at Lenin Tashkent State University, together with technical personnel from SANIGMI's Agrometeorological Section, participated on a regular basis.\r\n\r\nBeginning in 1962, P. A. An, a research worker of SANIGMI's Agrometeorological Section, took an active part in the expeditions and served as co-author of certain sections of Chapters Five, Six, and Seven.\r\n\r\nDuring the stationary agrometeorological investigations conducted by SANIGMI, substantial assistance was provided by the staffs of the Buzaubai Meteorological Station (director A. M. Kotov, 1958-1959) and the Akbaital Meteorological Station (directors G. N. Lvov, 1959-1961, and A. G. Koshelev, 1961-1963).\r\n\r\nSenior technician M. P. Filimonova of SANIGMI's Agrometeorological Section took an active part in conducting the laboratory-field experiments.\r\n\r\nT. N. Shakhova and L. A. Shestakova carried out extensive work in preparing and organizing the cartographic materials.\r\n\r\nThe author expresses sincere gratitude to all the above-mentioned colleagues for the assistance and support they provided during the collection of field materials and the preparation of this monograph.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board):.Г. Greenlove (.Г.Грингоф）\r\nPublished by: 丨 и д р оме т е о р о л о г иче ско е издат е льс тво\r\nPlace of publication: Leningrad\r\nPublication year: 1967\r\nPages: 138 pages\r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70018613", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", fully complying with the data information of \"Relationship between Grassland Plants and Weather in the Kyzilkum Desert\" without modification and deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Relationship between Grassland Plants and Weather in the Kyzilkum Desert\" was electronically processed and processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the \"Kyzilkum Desert Grassland Plants and Weather\" was unchanged and deleted. The data information of the relationship between Grassland Plants and Weather in the Kyzilkum Desert is of reliable data quality.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "农业气象条件", "牧草植物" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "农业生态学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1967 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }