本书作者是苏联主要的地理学家之一，他的科研活动在科学界留下了深刻的印记。大卫·利沃维奇·阿尔曼德是一位学识渊博、具有广泛科学和社会兴趣的人，他从事地理学理论，特别是景观学的研究，并为将地理学应用于国民经济做出了巨大贡献。他孜孜不倦地寻找防治侵蚀、保护自然、合理利用自然资源的有效方法。本书在某种程度上反映了这位科学家在苏联地理学理论和应用问题研究方面的贡献。\n当然，从Д.Л.阿尔曼德丰富的科学遗产中选出最重要且至今仍有现实意义的著作并非易事。一些熟悉作者及其出版物和手稿资料的专家参与了这项遴选工作。而承担本书各部分审阅和出版准备工作的是：К.В.兹沃雷金（关于合理利用自然的文章）、Н.И.马卡韦耶夫（关于侵蚀和风蚀的文章）、Ю.К.叶夫列莫夫（关于自然保护问题的文章）、С.В.佐尼（关于防护林带设计的材料）和Г.Д.里希特（关于方法论和理论问题的文章）。衷心感谢他们所有人提供的帮助和关注。\nД.Л.阿尔曼德这些即将发表的著作的现实意义毋庸置疑。前七篇文章的主题直接呼应了地理学和地理学家积极为国民经济服务的任务。多年来，Д.Л.阿尔曼德坚持不懈地研究自然资源利用与保护这一复杂且矛盾的问题。在他关于这一主题的大量出版物中，本书仅收录了精选的部分，这些文章最能鲜明地展示作者在解决这些问题上的创造性成就，并且其重要性一直延续至今。\n在后续关于理论和方法论问题的文章中，收录了一篇关于景观学的论文。这并非偶然：Д.Л.阿尔曼德一直非常重视景观地理学问题。1975年，他的专著《景观科学》出版，他在书中总结了自己关于景观学作为现代自然地理学基础的见解。\nД.Л.阿尔曼德的文章《论辐射界线理论》和《论自然地理过程强度定律》的撰写，与А.А.格里戈里耶夫院士进行的自然地理学理论问题研究有关。\n在承认这位大学者在苏联科学关键问题研究上的功绩的同时，Д.Л.阿尔曼德在А.А.格里戈里耶夫生前就对其个别观点提出了批评。例如，在А.А.格里戈里耶夫的文章《自然地理过程强度定律》（1943年）发表后，Д.Л.阿尔曼德立即向作者传达了他的意见。\n他随后的论述既分析批判了这一定律，也分析了辐射界线理论。关于辐射界线作为比较分析不同纬度地区自然特征指标的概念，是由А.А.格里戈里耶夫大约40年前提出的。\n自那时起，多年来，人们对太阳辐射和辐射平衡在我们星球生命中的作用有了更多的理解，然而，Д.Л.阿尔曼德报告《论辐射界线理论》的记录稿，作为一项重大原创性研究的成果，至今仍能引起人们的兴趣。此外，这份首次在本节中发表的记录稿，是科学家创造性实验室、其工作方法的生动范例，其中需要运用细致的精确计算、寻找事实依据和逻辑解决方案。\nА.А.格里戈里耶夫的研究成果在于将地球物理学的成就引入自然地理学，这是他的一大功绩。Д.Л.阿尔曼德沿着这条富有成果的道路继续探索，并在许多方面取得了成功。他的文章《景观物理学的某些任务与方法》（1967年）就是一个明证，作者在其中清晰地阐述了他对自然地理学新方向的见解。关于这一点，在概述作者科学兴趣、其作为积极社会活动家和自然保护热情斗士的复杂人生道路的最后一篇随笔中有更详细的介绍。\nГ.В.阿尔曼德-特卡琴科、А.Л.阿尔曼德、А.В.德罗兹多夫和Г.В.库什纳廖娃参与了Д.Л.阿尔曼德著作的出版准备工作。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Э.М. 穆尔扎耶夫（Э.М. Мурзаяев）\n出版社：Издательство «Наука»\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1983年\n页数：237页\n语种：俄文\n分类号：УДК 502.4\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70001837
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