中亚地区（包括主权国家哈萨克斯坦的领土）的主要特征在于气候干旱，这是由于该地区位于欧亚大陆中心，远离世界大洋所致。另一个显著特点是存在不与世界大洋及河川径流连通的大型内流盆地，这些盆地是农工综合体的中心。在这些盆地中，天然水体与下垫面及大气相互作用的所有产物，最终都会被携带并积聚在水文网的终端环节——诸如咸海、巴尔喀什湖、阿拉湖、玛纳斯湖、田吉兹湖、罗布泊、艾比湖等内流水体中。由人类经济活动导致的大气及天然水体的污染产物，也被纳入这一区域性的水分与物质循环过程之中。\n已有多次尝试将地球各圈层描述为一个巨大的数学系统，其中天然水体被视为系统形成的要素。也有观点认为，地球表面的质量与能量传输过程发生在区域、流域和全球层面。在地球水循环这一全球水文循环的背景下，存在着许多区域性的循环，它们与大型河流流域及陆地上的内流水体流域相关联。这些流域代表着开放的生态系统（气候、水文、水利、社会经济等），由山地径流形成子系统、平原径流耗散子系统以及终端环节——内流水体组成。在这些系统中，一个半环的联系由携带水分、气溶胶和能量进入山区的恒定气流完成；另一个半环则由将径流（富含泥沙、盐类和水生生物）输送至内流水体的河流系统完成。\n在这些系统中，内流水体发挥着特殊作用：其丰富的生物群落能够处理大部分通过河川径流及其他途径输入的盐分。这些局部系统中的质量与能量交换量通常变化范围很大，因为它不仅取决于自然的水文气象循环，还取决于流域内的经济活动条件。\n中亚的内流水体，如咸海、巴尔喀什湖等，是其流域水利系统的终端环节。通过这些水体的形态测量、水文、水化学特征的动态变化，可以判断其汇水流域内发生的过程，反之亦然。这意味着，通过对流域进行调控干预，可以引导该地区水生生态系统的未来发展。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）： Б. И. 伊曼库洛夫 (Иманкулов)\n出版社：Институт географии МН и ВО РК\n出版地：阿拉木图 \n出版年：1999\n页数：35页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70009012
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", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《中亚内流盆地水生态状况管理的科学基础——以巴尔喀什湖流域为例》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《中亚内流盆地水生态状况管理的科学基础——以巴尔喀什湖流域为例》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 112130858, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "b7128f44-da39-498e-8a67-41ebb4cabdb2.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.45" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-03 20:00:30", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-03 20:00:30", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02023", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202506280002（XJLASRU70009012）双层.pdf", "size": 112130858, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Scientific basis for management of water ecological conditions in Central Asia inflow basins: A case study of Balkhash Lake Basin", "ds_abstract": "The main feature of Central Asia (including the territory of the sovereign state of Kazakhstan) is the arid climate, which is caused by the fact that the region is located in the center of Eurasia and far away from the world ocean. Another notable feature is the existence of large-scale internal flow basins that are not connected with the world's oceans and rivers. These basins are the center of the agro industrial complex. In these basins, all the products of the interaction between the natural water body and the underlying surface and the atmosphere will eventually be carried and accumulated in the terminal links of the hydrological network, such as the Aral Sea, Balkhash Lake, ALA lake, Manas Lake, tengiz lake, Lop Nur, Ebinur Lake and other internal water bodies. The air and natural water pollution products caused by human economic activities are also included in this regional water and material cycle.\r\nMany attempts have been made to describe the earth's spheres as a huge mathematical system, in which natural water is regarded as the element of system formation. It is also believed that the mass and energy transfer processes on the earth's surface occur at the regional, watershed and global levels. In the context of the global hydrological cycle of the earth's water cycle, there are many regional cycles, which are associated with large river basins and inland water basins on land. These watersheds represent open ecosystems (climate, hydrology, water conservancy, social economy, etc.), which are composed of mountain runoff formation subsystem, plain runoff dissipation subsystem and the terminal link - internal flow water body. In these systems, the connection of a half ring is completed by the constant airflow that carries moisture, aerosol and energy into the mountains; The other half loop is completed by the river system that transports runoff (rich in sediment, salts and aquatic organisms) to the internal water body.\r\nIn these systems, the internal flow water body plays a special role: its rich biological community can deal with most of the salt input through river runoff and other ways. The mass and energy exchange in these local systems usually vary widely, because it depends not only on the natural hydrological and meteorological cycle, but also on the economic activity conditions in the basin.\r\nThe inland waters of Central Asia, such as the Aral Sea and Balkhash Lake, are the terminal links of the basin water conservancy system. Through the morphological measurement of these water bodies, the dynamic changes of hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics, we can judge the process occurring in the catchment basin, and vice versa. This means that the future development of the aquatic ecosystem in the region can be guided through the regulation and intervention of the basin.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): BB.И. Imankulov (丨 манкулов)\r\nPublished by: 丨 нст и тут гео г ра б и и д и д н и В р а т и н и в рК и\r\nPublished: Almaty \r\nPublication year: 1999\r\nPages: 35 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70009012", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Scientific Basis for the Management of Water Ecological Conditions in Central Asia Invasive Basins-Taking the Balkhash Lake Basin as an Example\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Scientific Foundations for the Management of Water Ecological Conditions in Central Asia Invasive Basins-Taking the Balkhash Lake Basin as an Example\" was electronically processed and processed, and in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Standard for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\" Requirements, the data information of \"Scientific Foundations for the Management of Water Ecological Conditions in Central Asia Invasive Basins-Taking the Balkhash Lake Basin as an Example\" was not changed and deleted, and the data quality was reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "中亚水文系统", "内陆封闭流域" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地理学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "哈萨克斯坦共和国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1999 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }