制定统一的滑坡通用分类法这一问题，不仅没有失去其现实意义，而且在当前变得更加尖锐和具有实际重要性。然而，创建这样的统一分类法遇到了巨大困难。关于此类分类法的目的、其合理数量、以及作为分类基础的特征等问题，意见尚未统一。与此同时，无论在我国还是国外，基于不同原则（常常违反逻辑规则）构建的滑坡分类法数量却在不合理地增长。所有这些都让我们有理由谈论某种\"分类法热潮\"，这非但没有减轻，反而在很大程度上增加了地质实践工作者的工作难度。\n工程地质动力学这一重要领域中此类不完善状况的迹象，在1986年科学出版社出版的专著《斜坡重力过程分类问题》中得到了反映，该书由国内顶尖滑坡研究专家集体编撰。然而，即使在这部总结性著作中，也未能就滑坡分类最根本的问题建立共同的平台。\n在此背景下，H.Φ.彼得罗夫专注于将复杂滑坡视为滑坡系统进行分类问题的专著，无疑会引起从事自然和工程地质过程研究的专家们的兴趣。书中发展了许多作者在其第一本书《滑坡系统。简单滑坡（分类视角）》（\"什蒂因察\"出版社，1987年）中提出的观点。\n在作者的这两本书中，他都力求从系统论的立场出发，对积累的所有关于滑坡分类的广泛材料进行深入分析，并且巧妙地借鉴了生物学以及地层学、古生物学、古植物学等地球科学中系统分类学的有益经验。\n因此，不能将 H.Φ.彼得罗夫的这本书视为理论滑坡学中的寻常事件。它的出版标志着这个领域的新进展，\n这一点尤为重要，因为近期关于专著所涉问题的重大出版物寥寥无几。作为滑坡系统的复杂滑坡，尽管在自然界中广泛分布，却几乎未得到研究。\n书中主要关注滑坡问题的结构（地质学意义上）方面，这是目前研究最为薄弱的环节。明确了基本概念，并划分出四个主要的概括层级：块体级、层带级、阶地段级和多阶地段级。后两者以形式化的方式被划分出来尚属首次。\n书中相当篇幅用于对复杂滑坡的特征进行系统化。明确了关于滑坡体结构及滑坡系统结构组成部分的认识。详细描述了作为滑坡体基本单元的块体，并确定了它们的功能作用。对其他概括层级上的结构要素也进行了同样详尽的探讨。批判性地重新审视了该领域积累的知识，并在此基础上构建了有助于更深入认识滑坡过程机理和动态的模型。\n研究的主要成果是建立了滑坡体-系统的分类。尽管其个别细节可能需要进行重大修订，但这绝不减损作者的功绩，他完成了将大量特征各异且分散于众多出版物中的材料整合成一个统一的、在我们看来没有矛盾的体系的艰巨工作。\n在专著的结尾部分，明确了创建滑坡系统通用自然分类法的要求。作者在批判性分析该问题主要专家观点的基础上，提出了自己的建设性建议。同时，他也阐述了自己对滑坡机理的观点，这些机理以运动学模型的形式构成了滑坡分类的对象。近年来，这种立场得到了许多主要研究者的理解和支持，无疑将推动滑坡学的进一步发展。\n虽然完全赞同 H.Φ.彼得罗夫著作中阐述的许多观点和看法，但也不能对一些有争议的立场和尚未彻底解决的问题保持沉默。例如，我们认为\"阶地段\"和\"多阶地段滑坡\"的概念似乎不够充分。作者常常背离自己对这些概念的定义，这些概念的范围在某些情况下变得不明确，而各个阶地段之间的界限也相当模糊。此外，\"阶地段\"这一术语与\"层带\"和\"块体\"术语的结合本身也不太成功。\n在创建滑坡分类时，对构成滑坡体的物质的成分、状态和性质（物质性特征）关注不足。这些特征常常以隐性的形式出现，并被作者归为环境特征，这一点我们完全无法同意。在我们看来，仅基于几何、运动学、成因等特征的认识，是不可能呈现滑坡机理的。构成滑坡体的物质的变形和流变行为，首先决定了滑坡机理的特点，因此不能将其排除在滑坡本身的特征范畴之外，而将其归为环境特征。否则，就无法根据其机理划分出许多滑坡类型，包括所有\"特殊滑坡\"的类别。\n专著实际上未涉及滑坡问题的动力学、历史成因学以及其他一些方面。其中，动力学方面对于所讨论的主题尤为重要，因为众所周知，在滑坡过程的发展过程中，地质体会发生显著变化，这影响到所有概括层级。显然，将本质上是动态的滑坡系统进行静态考察，仅仅是当前研究阶段所需的一种方法论手段。作者本人对此也非常清楚，并将滑坡动力学研究列为未来研究的主要任务之一。届时，或许将有可能研究滑坡机理的时空变异性以及滑坡系统在不同工程地质环境中的演化。\n不难指出本著作的其他缺点和不准确之处。其个别部分极具争议性，或许在某些方面甚至过于概括。然而，这也应被视为专著的优点，因为它激发了思考，力图克服固有的范式，最重要的是，将研究者的注意力引向那些尚未彻底解决的个别问题和新问题。这无疑将对加强滑坡学说乃至整个工程地质动力学的发展产生积极影响。这正是 H.Φ. 彼得罗夫这本书的主要目的。\n毫无疑问，这部专著将成为从事滑坡及其他地质过程研究、预测、工程防护以及自然保护和地质环境合理利用问题的各领域专家的宝贵方法论指南。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Н. Ф. 彼得罗夫（Н. Ф. Петров）\n出版社：Издательство Штиинца\n出版地：基什尼奥夫\n出版年：1988年\n页数：224页\n语种：俄文\nISBN号：5-376-00539-9\n分类号：УДК 624-I3I-3I\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70002265
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 112679645, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "808a9797-a08e-44a0-9c8c-487b0cb3b56d.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.50" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-11 19:05:36", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-16 19:10:23", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02289", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202507310004（XJLASRU70002265）双层.pdf", "size": 112679645, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Landslide system·Composite landslide", "ds_abstract": "The problem of developing a unified general classification of landslides has not lost its relevance; on the contrary, it has become even more acute and practically important today. However, the creation of such a unified classification faces considerable difficulties. There is still no consensus regarding the purpose of such a classification, the appropriate number of classifications, or the characteristics that should serve as the basis for classification. At the same time, both in our country and abroad, the number of landslide classifications constructed according to different principles, often in violation of the rules of logic, continues to increase unreasonably. All of this provides grounds for speaking of a certain “classification boom,” which, rather than simplifying matters, has significantly increased the difficulties faced by geological practitioners.\r\n\r\nEvidence of this unsatisfactory situation in the important field of engineering geological dynamics was reflected in the collective monograph Problems of the Classification of Gravitational Slope Processes, published by Nauka Publishers in 1986 and prepared by leading domestic experts in landslide studies. Yet even in this comprehensive work, no common platform was established on the most fundamental questions of landslide classification.\r\n\r\nAgainst this background, the monograph by N. F. Petrov, devoted to the classification of complex landslides viewed as landslide systems, will undoubtedly attract the attention of specialists engaged in the study of natural and engineering geological processes. The book develops many of the ideas previously presented by the author in his earlier work, Landslide Systems: Simple Landslides (A Classification Perspective) (Shtiintsa Publishing House, 1987).\r\n\r\nIn both of these books, the author seeks to analyze comprehensively the extensive accumulated material on landslide classification from a systems-theory perspective while skillfully drawing upon the valuable experience of systematic taxonomy developed in biology and in such earth sciences as stratigraphy, paleontology, and paleobotany.\r\n\r\nThus, Petrov's book cannot be regarded as an ordinary event in theoretical landslide science. Its publication marks a new stage in the development of this field, which is especially important given the scarcity of major publications on the subject in recent years. Complex landslides, considered as landslide systems, are widespread in nature, yet they have received little study.\r\n\r\nThe book focuses primarily on the structural aspect of landslides, in the geological sense, which remains one of the least developed areas of research. Basic concepts are clearly defined, and four principal hierarchical levels are distinguished: the block level, the layer-band level, the terrace-segment level, and the multi-terrace-segment level. The last two levels are formally identified and defined for the first time.\r\n\r\nA substantial portion of the book is devoted to the systematization of the characteristics of complex landslides. The structure of landslide bodies and the components of landslide-system structure are clarified. Particular attention is given to blocks as the basic units of landslide bodies, and their functional roles are identified. Structural elements belonging to other hierarchical levels are examined with equal thoroughness. Previously accumulated knowledge is critically reassessed, and, on this basis, models are constructed that contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics of landslide processes.\r\n\r\nThe principal result of the study is the development of a classification of landslide body-systems. Although some details of the classification may require substantial revision, this in no way diminishes the author's achievement. He has accomplished the difficult task of integrating a vast body of heterogeneous material scattered throughout numerous publications into a unified and, in our view, internally consistent system.\r\n\r\nIn the concluding section of the monograph, the requirements for establishing a universal natural classification of landslide systems are formulated. Based on a critical analysis of the views of leading specialists in the field, the author proposes a number of constructive suggestions. At the same time, he presents his own views on landslide mechanisms, which serve as the objects of classification in the form of kinematic models. In recent years, this position has gained understanding and support from many leading researchers and will undoubtedly contribute to the further development of landslide science.\r\n\r\nAlthough one may fully agree with many of the ideas and viewpoints expressed by Petrov, it is impossible to remain silent regarding certain controversial positions and unresolved questions. For example, the concepts of “terrace segment” and “multi-terrace-segment landslide” appear insufficiently developed. The author frequently departs from his own definitions of these concepts; in some cases, their scope becomes ambiguous, and the boundaries between individual terrace segments remain rather vague. Furthermore, the combination of the term “terrace segment” with the terms “layer band” and “block” is itself not entirely successful.\r\n\r\nWhen constructing a landslide classification, insufficient attention is paid to the composition, state, and properties of the material forming the landslide body, that is, to its material characteristics. These characteristics often appear implicitly and are classified by the author as environmental features, a position with which we cannot agree. In our view, it is impossible to represent landslide mechanisms solely on the basis of geometric, kinematic, and genetic characteristics. The deformation and rheological behavior of the material constituting the landslide body are primary factors determining the nature of landslide mechanisms. Consequently, they should not be excluded from the characteristics of the landslide itself and relegated to environmental attributes. Otherwise, it becomes impossible to distinguish many categories of landslides according to their mechanisms, including all categories of “special landslides.”\r\n\r\nThe monograph does not substantially address landslide dynamics, historical genesis, or several other aspects of the problem. Among these, the dynamic aspect is particularly important to the topic under discussion. As is well known, geological bodies undergo significant changes during the development of landslide processes, and these changes affect all hierarchical levels. Clearly, the static consideration of inherently dynamic landslide systems is merely a methodological device appropriate to the current stage of research. The author himself fully recognizes this and identifies the study of landslide dynamics as one of the primary tasks for future investigations. Such studies may eventually make it possible to examine the spatial and temporal variability of landslide mechanisms and the evolution of landslide systems under different engineering-geological conditions.\r\n\r\nIt would not be difficult to point out other shortcomings and inaccuracies in the work. Certain sections are highly controversial and may, in some respects, be overly generalized. Nevertheless, this should also be regarded as one of the monograph's strengths, since it stimulates thought, challenges established paradigms, and, most importantly, directs researchers' attention toward both unresolved and newly emerging problems. This will undoubtedly have a positive impact on strengthening landslide theory and advancing engineering geological dynamics as a whole. Such, indeed, is the principal purpose of Petrov's book.\r\n\r\nThere can be little doubt that this monograph will become a valuable methodological guide for specialists engaged in the study, prediction, and engineering mitigation of landslides and other geological processes, as well as for those concerned with nature conservation and the rational use of the geological environment.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Un.Ф. PetrovФ.Петров）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда тельство т и ин а\r\nPlace of publication: Kishnyov\r\nPublication year: 1988\r\nPages: 224 pages\r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nISBN No.: 5-376-00539-9\r\nClassification No.: У п К 624-I3I-3I\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70002265", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Landslide System·Composite Landslide\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Landslide System·Composite Landslide\" was processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\",\"Landslide System·Composite Landslide\" was not changed and deleted. The data information, the data quality is reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "滑坡系统", "滑坡统一分类" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地质学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1988 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }