苏联铁路上有大量经过不同程度调查的滑坡地段。作为防治滑坡的措施之一，深部排水得到了推广，在许多情况下，它是抗滑综合工程中必要的组成部分。巴特拉基、奥卡、乌里扬诺夫斯克、乌韦克和克尼亚泽夫等大型滑坡区已经实施了深部排水。在这些工程上建造了约30公里长的排水帷幕。接下来还有一系列大型滑坡地段需要疏干，这些地段同样计划建造深式排水工程。\n在结构方面，应用最广泛的是组合式深排水，它由垂直井或钻孔与排水隧道结合而成。后者承担输水和排水的作用。\n在多项工程中，隧道施工人员不得不面对严重的支护变形问题，这些变形导致在工程交付使用前很久就不得不多次更换支护。然而，即使在工程交付使用后，支护变形仍在继续，个别情况下变形量非常大。例如，在乌韦克站的一条隧道中，投入使用的第六年，有50%已安装的钢筋混凝土框架发生变形。支护变形达到如此规模，将导致隧道的运营维护费用急剧增加。乌韦克隧道的支护是按照 M. M. 普罗托季亚科诺夫教授的方法确定的山体压力进行计算的。该方法获得了最广泛的认可，并且在许多情况下经实践验证是有效的，然而在乌韦克和克尼亚泽夫的排水隧道中，尽管计算中采用了相当大的安全系数，支护仍然发生变形，因为实际的山体压力远高于计算值。因此，有必要确定支护变形的规模、特征及原因。\n确定山体压力的表现形式和大小是一项非常困难的任务，即使在巷道揭露岩层后，也难以精确求解。尽管近期苏联科学家在阐明山体压力问题方面取得了重大进展，但这些问题尚未得到最终解决。\n由于山体压力的表现与岩层变形直接相关，我们的研究必须考察巷道轮廓线外岩层的行为，或者说，揭示岩层因其存在条件改变而引起的反应，以及由此导致的其应力状态的改变。显然，这种反应可能表现为岩层连续性的破坏和结构的改变，这既是由于压力差，也是由于隧道运营期间风化因素影响的结果。\n因此，作者面临的任务是解决以下主要问题：a) 确定巷道轮廓线外岩层连续性的破坏程度；b) 确定岩层结构变化的性质；c) 查明岩层发生上述变化的深度范围；d) 揭示沿隧道方向的岩层裂隙发育情况；e) 表征巷道轮廓线外岩层的湿度；f) 确定岩层处于不同状态时的物理技术性质；g) 确定掘进方法、支护和衬砌回填对岩层变形的影响。\n研究上述问题所得的结果，可用于巷道支护设计和运营。但同时需注意，本著作中得出的结论适用于具体的矿山地质条件，其中的个别论断在其他地方条件下可能需要修正。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Б. И.涅恰耶夫（Б. И. Нечаев）\n出版社：Государственное железнодорожное издательство\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1957年\n页数：151页\n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70002260
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", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 68995588, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "7a1cc057-0dfe-4784-9509-d986ab864756.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.5031" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-10 17:45:28", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-10 17:45:28", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.02205", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202507100002（XJLASRU70002260）双层.pdf", "size": 68995588, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Deformation of muddy rocks in non-slip ramps", "ds_abstract": "The new edition of \"Forest Cultivation\" textbook was compiled for students majoring in \"Forestry\" in colleges and universities because of the large amount of scientific and technological information emerging from forestry cultivation. This textbook covers all the major issues specified in the syllabus. and the textbook \"Forest Cultivation and Improvement\" published in 1974 (authors: V. Ogievsky, V. V. Ogievsky, A. R. Luo Jin, N. I. Compared with Rubtsov), this textbook strengthens the scientific content-which is due to the modern requirement of cultivating high-level professionals-and the ecology-typological approach to solving forest cultivation problems; expands the mechanization, chemistry and automation of forest cultivation production processes; and elaborates on new issues that have not been fully reflected in previously published textbooks.\r\nThe textbooks mainly focus on materials that reflect the essence of the subject, reflecting the latest important achievements in forest cultivation science and advanced practice at home and abroad.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): BB.И. Nechayev (.И.Нечаев）\r\nPublished by: 丨 о суд а р с т в е н о е Г е л е з н о д о р о н о е из д а т е льс т в о\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1957\r\nPages: 151 pages\r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70002260", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Deformation of Muddy Rocks on Anti-Skid Ramps\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Deformation of Muddy Rock in Anti-Skid Ramps\" was electronically processed. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the \"Deformation of Muddy Rock in Anti-Skid Ramps\" was unchanged and deleted. The data information of \"Deformation of Muddy Rock in Anti-Skid Ramps\" is of reliable quality.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "变形机制", "黏土力学特性" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "岩土力学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1957 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }