美国犹他州农业学院教授奥森·W·伊兹拉埃尔森（Orson W. Israelsen）所著《灌溉理论与实践》一书，第一版于1932年在美国出版，1936年由苏联出版俄文译本。该书第二版于1950年在美国出版，经作者修订和补充。奥·伊兹拉埃尔森教授的新版著作与第一版有很大不同：第15、16、17章已删除，第18、19、20章已压缩，某些章节的个别段落已删除。同时，该书补充了新的章节——关于灌溉土地排水和关于美国灌溉管理。某些章节的内容补充了新材料：提供了截至1948年的灌溉面积数据，补充了水泵提水、水井设施和美国提水成本的计算，扩充了关于土壤田间持水量、凋萎湿度和水分在非饱和土壤中运动的资料；提供了灌溉水中含盐量指标和各种农作物耐盐性数据；更新和扩充了美国的研究工作数据；编制了一份新的300种灌溉文献目录。\n需要指出的是，作者提供的截至1948年灌溉面积数据与其他作者（特别是霍恩和彼得森）的数据存在出入。例如，据伊兹拉埃尔森称，印度和巴基斯坦的灌溉土地面积为2400万公顷，而据英国资料计算则为2800万公顷。1948年苏联的灌溉面积在书中显示为320万公顷，而实际上要大出1倍。\n第6章中省略了沟灌计算。关于美国这种主要灌溉方式的信息给出得较为简略，且具有经验性。例如，指出果园的沟长从100英尺（30米）及以下到田间作物的1/4英里（400米）不等，但这些标准并未针对如此大的范围进行区分。沟长与土壤性质、坡度及其他因素之间的函数关系未被提及。\n在谈到土壤最低和最高湿度时，奥·伊兹拉埃尔森教授认为土壤水分对植物的有效性仅取决于土壤性质，而完全不涉及植物的生理特性，这大概也是因为最低湿度仅由土壤性质决定。这一结论不能令人同意。根据一系列试验工作的结果，作者指出松土不影响保水能力，这与我们的实践不符。\n在翻译成俄语的新版中，第18章关于美国灌溉行政方面的内容已被删除，因为对苏联读者无参考价值。此外，第15、16章已被压缩，并删除了若干包含对苏联灌溉实践无意义材料的表格。俄译本中删除了附录A，其中包含为美国学生准备的问题和答案。\n书中附有大量图表和照片。但缺点是某些情况下缺乏说明，例如张力计的结构。图75中沟渠互不平行，排除了使用多犁铧中耕机进行机械化松土的可能性。\n奥·伊兹拉埃尔森教授的第二版在内容上仍然是一本面向学生的教学指南，所引材料主要仅来自美国实践。\n书中提供了大量美国灌溉的各种资料。对苏联读者来说特别感兴趣的可能是土壤分层方法、地下水抽取、水泵结构、地表水地下蓄存及其用于灌溉的问题、灌溉技术、用于渠道表面衬砌和修整的机器等。书中的数值在编辑时已换算为公制。\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：译者А. Л.德米特里耶夫（А. Л. Дмитриев）\n出版社：Издательство иностранной литературы\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1956年\n页数：349页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70020012\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《灌溉理论与实践》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《灌溉理论与实践》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《灌溉理论与实践》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-07-25 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-07-25 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "美利坚合众国", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 25463343, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "63fc7560-3ecb-4c4c-9154-f2b1e855b464.jpg", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "210.70" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-17 19:24:00", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-17 19:24:00", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01907", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250725004(XJLASRU70020012).pdf", "size": 25463343, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "", "ds_abstract": "This book is a famous Russian traveler.К. Kozlov (.К. A classic travel note on the Central Asian expedition from 1907 to 1909 details the journey from northern Mongolia to cross the Gobi Desert, inspect the lower reaches of the Ejina River and the ruins of the ancient city of Halahot, and then across Alxa, Nanshan, Gansu, Qinghai Lake, Ando Plateau and other areas. The book is narrated in the first person, vividly recording the topography, climate characteristics, vegetation and animal distribution, ethnic customs (Mongolians, Tibetans, Tanguts, etc.), religious activities (Lama temples, meetings with the Dalai Lama) and important archaeological discoveries-the excavation process of the ancient city of Halahot (the site of Heishui City in the Western Xia Dynasty) along the way. The book contains a special article on the academic value of Kozlov's archaeological discoveries and shows readers the natural and social landscape of inland Central Asia in the early 20th century. The book has both geographical exploration, ethnography and archaeological values, and is an important document for studying the history of modern expeditions in Central Asia.\r\n
", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Translator А.Л. Dmitriyev (А.Л.Дмитриев）\r\nPublished by: 丨 зда т е льс тво и н о с т р а н н ой л и т е р а туры\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1956\r\nPages: 349 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70020012\r\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Irrigation Theory and Practice\" without modification or deletion.\r\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Irrigation Theory and Practice\" was processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data information of \"Irrigation Theory and Practice\" was not changed and deleted. The data quality was reliable.\r\n
", "ds_acq_place": "United States of America", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "土壤", "地下储存", "地下水", "地表水", "水泵结构", "美国", "灌溉" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "农业工程" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "美利坚合众国" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1956 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }