本专著是多年野外和室内工作的成果。其基础是作者在阿尔泰进行地质研究时收集的动物群材料。该材料由 A. I. Nikiforova 从最佳剖面进行的专门采集所补充。\n除阿尔泰外，下石炭统苔藓虫也见于库兹涅茨克煤田、托木斯克市附近和东外贝加尔地区。这些地区的材料由不同地质学家收集，其中在库兹涅茨克煤田最完整的采集由 V. I. Yavorsky 和 A. P. Rotay 完成，而在东外贝加尔地区则由 G. N. Frederiks 完成。由于在上述两个地区，材料并非像在阿尔泰那样由古生代苔藓虫专家收集，因此库兹涅茨克煤田的采集远不如阿尔泰地区完整和丰富，尽管库兹涅茨克煤田的动物群——那里的石炭纪沉积比阿尔泰地区褶皱变形更弱，且完全未受侵入岩的接触变质作用影响——与阿尔泰的动物群相比具有更好的保存状况。在东外贝加尔地区，含有苔藓虫的下石炭统露头分布在极为有限的区域内，因此，来自该地区的采集量自然不大。此外，由于该地区强烈的构造变动和岩石的接触变质作用，来自外贝加尔的材料保存状况较差。\n在阿尔泰的下石炭统中，观察到一种相当罕见的情况，即苔藓虫在整个剖面——从下石炭统的底部到顶部——都大量出现。在库兹涅茨克煤田，苔藓虫主要富集于下石炭统的中部，而在其上下层位则相对稀少；而在东外贝加尔地区，下石炭统的苔藓虫仅出现在其中部相对较小的一段地层中。\n矿冶阿尔泰地区下石炭统苔藓虫的广泛而多样的材料，为作者在苏联建立研究古生代苔藓虫的新方法奠定了基础。1919年，在矿冶阿尔泰进行地质研究时，在位于塔尔汉斯克村附近、阿尔泰最好的石炭纪剖面中，作者在两个不同的部分注意到了丰富的苔藓虫，并且在野外观察过程中就已经明显看出，这些部分的苔藓虫是不同的。在此之前，根据腕足动物的初步鉴定，塔尔汉斯克村附近的剖面难以划分，甚至不清楚剖面的哪一部分更古老。这一情况促使人们关注苔藓虫，并尝试以其为基础对该剖面进行地层划分。\n欧洲的古生物学家曾认为古生代苔藓虫不太适用于详细地层划分，而乌尔里希在上世纪末完成的、证明了古生代苔藓虫地层学价值的工作，无论在俄罗斯还是在欧洲，都几乎未受重视。因此，作者试图基于苔藓虫建立阿尔泰地区石炭纪地层学的尝试最初遭到了极度怀疑的态度。在创建苔藓虫研究新方法的最初阶段，A. I. Nikiforova 给予了作者巨大帮助。她在这项工作中的积极参与、耐心和毅力在很大程度上促进了选择研究古生代苔藓虫的正确（显微）路径，由此揭示了它们对地层学的重大意义，这彻底改变了地质学家们对该动物群的看法。\n如前所述，在作者开始研究阿尔泰苔藓虫之前，古生代苔藓虫几乎被完全忽视。在最好的情况下，当某个地区的苔藓虫异常丰富时，在该地区剖面的描述中，动物群列表里会提到“以及苔藓虫”。顺便提一下，在西欧，这种情况至今仍未消除，并且经常在最新的著作中遇到提及“丰富的苔藓虫”、“含苔藓虫层位”等等，但在描述中甚至极少给出属名。\n作者与 A. I. Nikiforova 共同查阅并初步鉴定了来自苏联各地采集的大量材料。同时发现，阿尔泰的下石炭统苔藓虫与库兹涅茨克煤田和东外贝加尔地区同时代的苔藓虫有许多共同点，但同时，又与哈萨克斯坦中部和东部以及中亚的下石炭统苔藓虫存在明显差异，更不用说苏联更西部的地区了。这一点在杜内阶和维宪阶下部的苔藓虫上表现得尤为明显，这些层位在联盟的亚洲部分到处都有丰富的苔藓虫特征。差异如此明显，以至于不可能将哈萨克斯坦或中亚的苔藓虫与阿尔泰、库兹涅茨克煤田或外贝加尔的苔藓虫相混淆。有趣的是，与此同时，在哈萨克斯坦东部和阿尔泰地区，含有下石炭统苔藓虫的最近露头之间的距离不超过500公里，而阿尔泰与东外贝加尔之间按最短方向计算的距离却达到2500公里。\n有趣的是，无论是在西伯利亚，还是在哈萨克斯坦和中亚，苔藓虫在杜内阶和维宪阶下部最为丰富，这似乎表明了它们的共同性，然而这些地区的动物群组成是不同的。当然，它们之间存在共同特征，例如，对于下石炭统中部典型的：Fenestella serratula Ulr., F. multispiuosa Ulr., F. rudis Ulr.，但这些形态似乎在下石炭统中部普遍分布，这并不妨碍将西伯利亚的苔藓虫划分为一个独立的动物地理区。\n在这方面，其他形态更具指示意义。例如，对于哈萨克斯坦的下杜内阶，Pilioporella 属非常典型，而对于哈萨克斯坦和中亚的下石炭统中部，则是 Septopora 属；几乎在从这些地方带来的任何小型苔藓虫收藏中，都能发现后一属的代表。在西伯利亚区情况则完全不同。Pilioporella 属在那里任何地方都未发现，至于 Septopora 属，在阿尔泰的数千件苔藓虫标本中，仅发现了该属的几块小碎片，在库兹涅茨克煤田至今仅发现一件标本，而在东外贝加尔则完全没有发现。\n西伯利亚区、哈萨克斯坦中部以及在其苔藓虫动物群方面与之相近的中亚地区的下石炭统苔藓虫物种，在绝大多数情况下也是不同的。\n例如，将阿尔泰塔尔汉组（即下石炭统底部）的苔藓虫与哈萨克斯坦中部下石炭统底部——卡辛层——的苔藓虫进行对比表明，这些动物群之间没有共同的形态，甚至它们的属的组合也明显不同。有趣的是，在哈萨克斯坦，在杜内阶的下半部，完全没有发现对阿尔泰塔尔汉组如此典型的 Reteporina 属。与此同时，在哈萨克斯坦和中亚，Reteporina 属（在两种情况下是同一个种）都存在于杜内阶上部，而在阿尔泰和西伯利亚区的其他地方，在上杜内阶沉积中并未发现该属。\n本工作于1941年春季完成，此后世界文献中出现了相对较少关于石炭纪苔藓虫的著作，因此不需要进行重大的修改和补充。作为本专著基础的所有材料，除个别特别说明的例外，均保存在列宁格勒的Ф. Н. 切尔内绍夫中央地质博物馆专著部（馆藏编号 № 6398）。\n文中采用以下缩写：\nЦГМ — 位于列宁格勒的中央地质博物馆\nРА — 矿冶阿尔泰\nПИН — 位于莫斯科的苏联科学院古生物研究所。\n本专著的照相插图在全苏地质研究所（ВСЕГЕИ）照相实验室制作。图件在显微镜下借助О. Ф. 拉祖特金娜的绘图装置绘制完成。\n（该内容为AI翻译，不保证翻译准确率，详情请参照原文）\n\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：В. П. 涅霍罗舍夫（В. П. Нехорошев）\n出版社：Государственное научно-техническое издательство литературы по геологии и охране недр\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1956年\n页数：419页\n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLASRU70001284\n\n
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已完成OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《阿尔泰与西伯利亚的下石炭统苔藓动物》的数据信息，未改动删减。\n
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《阿尔泰与西伯利亚的下石炭统苔藓动物》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《阿尔泰与西伯利亚的下石炭统苔藓动物》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-05-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-05-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 114915975, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "5a21b6a9-5838-4990-b1c1-3c30cdfae217.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "10.12389/ariddc.01028", "subject_codes": [ "170.50" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2025-07-25 19:23:22", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-04-10 16:00:44", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01028", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250501402(XJLASRU70001284).pdf", "size": 114915975, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "LOWER CARBONIFEROUS BRYOMATIANS OF ALTAY AND SIBERIA", "ds_abstract": "This monograph is the result of years of field and indoor work. It is based on faunal materials collected by the author during his geological research in Altai. This material is manufactured by A. I. This is complemented by special collections from the best sections by Nikiforova.\nIn addition to Altai, Lower Carboniferous bryozoans are also found in the Kuznetsk coalfield, near the city of Tomsk and in the Eastern Outer Baikal region. Materials from these areas were collected by different geologists, the most complete collection in the Kuznetsk coalfield was conducted by V. I. Yavorsky and A. P. Rotay completed it, while in the East and Outer Baikal region it was completed by G. N. Frederiks finished. Since in the two areas above, the material was not collected by Paleozoic bryozoan experts as in the Altai, the collection in the Kuznetsk coalfield is far less complete and abundant than in the Altai region, although the fauna of the Kuznetsk coalfield-where the Carboniferous sediments are weaker than fold deformations in the Altai region and are completely unaffected by contact metamorphism of intrusive rocks-is in better condition than the Fauna of the Altai region. In the Eastern Outer Baikal area, Lower Carboniferous outcrops containing bryozoans are distributed in an extremely limited area, so the amount of collection from this area is naturally small. In addition, due to strong structural changes and contact metamorphism of rocks in the area, materials from Transbaikal are poorly preserved.\nIn the Lower Carboniferous in the Altai, a rather rare occurrence has been observed in large numbers across the entire section-from the bottom to the top of the Lower Carboniferous. In the Kuznetsk coalfield, bryozoans are mainly concentrated in the middle of the Lower Carboniferous, but are relatively rare in the upper and lower levels; while in the East and Outer Baikal area, bryozoans of the Lower Carboniferous only appear in a relatively small section of the strata in the middle.\nMining and smelting extensive and diverse materials from the Lower Carboniferous bryozoans in the Altai region laid the foundation for the author to establish a new method for studying Paleozoic bryozoans in the Soviet Union. In 1919, while conducting geological research in the mining and metallurgical Altai, the author noticed abundant bryozoans in two different parts in the best Carboniferous section of the Altai near the village of Tarhansk, and during field observations It has been obvious that the bryozoans in these parts are different. Prior to this, based on preliminary identification of brachiopods, the section near the village of Tarhansk was difficult to divide, and it was not even clear which part of the section was older. This situation prompted people to pay attention to bryozoans and try to use them as a basis for stratigraphic division of the section.\nEuropean paleontologists once believed that Paleozoic bryozoans were not suitable for detailed stratigraphic division, but the work completed by Ulrich at the end of the last century to prove the value of Paleozoic bryozoan stratigraphy has received almost no attention in Russia or Europe. Therefore, the author's attempt to establish a Carboniferous stratigraphy of the Altai Region based on bryozoans was initially met with extreme skepticism. In the early stages of creating a new method for bryozoan research, A. I. Nikiforova provided the author with great help. Her active participation, patience and perseverance in this work greatly facilitated the selection of the correct (microscopic) path for studying Paleozoic bryozoans, thus revealing their significance for stratigraphy, which revolutionized geologists 'view of the fauna.\nAs mentioned earlier, before the author began studying Altai bryozoans, Paleozoic bryozoans were almost completely ignored. In the best case, when an area is abnormally rich in bryozoans, the list of fauna will mention \"and bryozoans\" in the description of the area's profile. By the way, in Western Europe, this situation has not been eliminated yet, and references to \"abundant bryozoans\",\"bryozo-containing strata\", etc. are often encountered in the latest writings, but genus names are rarely even given in the description.\nThe author and A. I. Nikiforova jointly reviewed and initially identified a large number of materials collected from various parts of the Soviet Union. At the same time, it was found that the Lower Carboniferous bryozoans in Altai had many things in common with bryozoans contemporaries in the Kuznetsk coalfield and the East and Outer Baikal region, but at the same time, they were significantly different from the Lower Carboniferous bryozoans in central and eastern Kazakhstan and Central Asia, let alone areas further western in the Soviet Union. This is particularly evident in the bryozoans of the lower Douneian and Vyxian stages, which are rich in bryozoan characteristics throughout the Asian part of the Alliance. The differences are so obvious that it is impossible to confuse bryozoans from Kazakhstan or Central Asia with bryozoans from the Altai, Kuznetsk coalfields or Transbaikal. Interestingly, at the same time, in eastern Kazakhstan and the Altai Region, the distance between the nearest outcrops containing Lower Carboniferous bryozoans does not exceed 500 kilometers, while the distance between Altai and East and Outer Baikal in the shortest direction reaches 2500 kilometers.\nInterestingly, whether in Siberia, as well as in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, bryozoans are most abundant in the lower part of the Dunaean and Visianian stages, which seems to indicate their commonality, but the composition of the fauna in these areas is different. Of course, there are common characteristics between them, for example, typical of the central Lower Carboniferous: Fenestella serratula Ulr., F. multispiuosa Ulr., F. rudis Ulr.，However, these forms seem to be widespread in the central Lower Carboniferous, which does not prevent the division of Siberian bryozoans into an independent zoogeographic area.\nIn this regard, other forms are more indicative. For example, for the Lower Duneian stage in Kazakhstan, the genus Piliopolella is very typical, while for the middle of the Lower Carboniferous in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, the genus Septopora; representatives of the latter genus can be found in almost any collection of small bryozoans brought from these places. In Siberia, the situation is completely different. The genus Piliporella has not been found anywhere there. As for the genus Septopora, only a few small fragments of the genus have been found among the thousands of bryozoan specimens in the Altai. Only one specimen has been found so far in the Kuznetsk coalfield, and none have been found at all in the eastern and outer Baikal.\nThe Lower Carboniferous bryozoan species in Siberia, central Kazakhstan, and Central Asia, which is similar in terms of its bryozoan fauna, are also in the vast majority of cases different.\nFor example, a comparison of bryozoans from the Tarhan Formation in the Altai (i.e., the bottom of the Lower Carboniferous) with bryozoans from the bottom of the Lower Carboniferous in central Kazakhstan-the Kasin Layer-shows that these fauna do not share a common morphology, and even the assemblages of their genera are significantly different. Interestingly, in Kazakhstan, in the lower half of the Duneian stage, no Reteporina genus so typical of the Altatatarhan Formation has been found at all. At the same time, in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, the genus Reteporina (the same species in both cases) is present in the upper Dunaean, while in other parts of the Altai and Siberian region the genus is not found in Upper Dunaean sediments.\nThis work was completed in the spring of 1941, and since then relatively few works on Carboniferous bryozoans have appeared in the world literature, so no major revisions or supplements are needed. All the materials on which this monograph is based, with some exceptions specifically noted, are preserved in the Φ.Н. Monographs Department of Chernyshov Central Geological Museum (Collection No. 6398).\nThe following abbreviations are used in the text:\nг о-Central Geological Museum in Leningrad\nРА -Mining and Metallurgical Altai\nFILDRA-Institute of Palaeontology of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Moscow.\nThe photographic illustrations of this monograph were produced in the Photography Laboratory of the All-Soviet Geological Research Institute. The maps were analyzed under a microscope with the help of ○.Ф. Razutkina's drawing device is completed.\n(This content is AI translation and the translation accuracy is not guaranteed. Please refer to the original text for details)\n\n
", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Expand.П. NekhoroshevП.Нехорошев）\nPublished by: 丨 о с у д а р с т в е н о е н а у ч н о-т е р н и ч е ско е изд а т е льс т о л и т е р а т у ры по г е о л о и и о р а н е н е д р\nPublished: Moscow\nPublication year: 1956\nPages: 419 pages\nLanguage: Russian\nCollection barcode: XJLASRU70001284\n\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and completed OCR recognition. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Lower Carboniferous Bryotes of Altai and Siberia\" without modification or deletion.\n
", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Lower Carboniferous Bryozoans of Altai and Siberia\" were processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Code for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\",\"Altai and Siberia\" The data information of Lower Carboniferous Bryozoans of Altai and Siberia \"was not changed and deleted. The data quality is reliable.\n
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