苏联共产党第二十一次代表大会制定了苏联人民建设共产主义社会的宏伟纲领，并向苏联科学界提出了重大而艰巨的任务。大会指出，必须集中苏联科学家的创造性力量来解决最重要的科学技术问题，并全力加强国内科研机构与生产实践的联系。\n在尼·谢·赫鲁晓夫同志向苏共二十一大的报告中，对我国东部地区，特别是西伯利亚和远东的生产力发展问题给予了极大关注。这就要求苏联科学家深入研究这些地区的自然和经济状况，并全力加强西伯利亚和远东的科研机构。\n苏联科学院（西伯利亚分院及其分支机构）在生物学领域的直接任务是，深入开发生物科学的理论基础，以解决重要的国民经济问题。苏联科学院西伯利亚分院应通过协调其所在边疆区和州境内所有科研机构的活动，促进远东生产力的全面发展和自然资源的更好利用。\n1956年5月底，为了交流经验并联合远东科学家的力量解决重要的理论和实践问题，苏联科学院生物学部召开了一次专门会议，听取并讨论了一系列报告和发言。根据这次会议的决议，当前七年计划期间远东生物科学所面临的任务也清晰地显现出来。\n目前，苏联远东是一个重要且快速发展的经济区。这里的工业正在高速发展，煤炭、林业、渔业等行业的新企业不断涌现，这促使城市和工人村镇的人口持续增长。农业为城市和工业中心的居民提供了土豆、蔬菜等食品，但依靠本地生产保证劳动者牛奶和肉类供应的问题仍然有待解决。所有这一切都要求将生物科学的努力集中在一系列与农业发展密切相关的理论问题的解决上。\n首先，为了有计划地利用远东的自然资源，必须进行资源普查，绘制土壤图、绘制植被图、查明植物区系的物种组成。远东丰富的植被，特别是森林和草场，还远未得到充分研究。在这方面，滨海边疆区大部分领土、萨哈林岛和千岛群岛的情况稍好一些。但阿穆尔州、哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区和堪察加半岛的广大区域目前研究得还不够。\n根据苏联科学院及其分支机构的远景规划，到1960年应完成全苏联的地植物学地图编制工作。远东分院也参与了这项工作，在此期间应完成整个滨海边疆区和哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区南部的地植物学及土壤填图。目前，分院已编制了兴凯湖地区的土壤图，以及滨海地区大部分区域的地植物学地图。\n远东广阔的森林不仅是木材的丰富来源，也具有重大的水源涵养和防护意义。因此，为了合理开发利用森林，必须制定森林经营合理化的科学基础。分院已为远东若干地区制定了森林类型分类。同时，有必要开始植树造林工作，因为目前采伐后，较珍贵的树种通常会被价值较低的树种所替代。\n绝不能忽视对各种森林废弃物的利用明显不足，它们是林产化学工业丰富的原料来源。毫无疑问，林产化学在远东大有可为。\n远东森林的乔木和灌木树种组成异常多样。这里生长着诸如黄檗（阿穆尔楸）、核桃楸、猕猴桃（И. В. 米丘林曾对其栽培给予高度重视）、五味子等具有重要经济价值的树种。现在迫切需要对其中的一些进行驯化栽培，这要求仔细研究它们的生物学和生物化学特性。\n苏联科学院西伯利亚分院远东分院正在研究在林冠下和通过遮阴板遮阴在开阔地上引种人参。哈巴罗夫斯克医学院等远东多家医疗机构正在研究五味子和人参对人体机体的作用。考虑到此项研究进展顺利，自1956年4月起，所有人参研究工作的协调任务已委托给苏联科学院西伯利亚分院远东分院。\n远东森林的丰富性提出了建立森林果园的迫切任务。这使得能够更合理地利用核桃楸、山梨、山葡萄等珍贵树种的野生林。同时，有必要扩大这些野生树种的引种栽培，以及繁育其他有价值的栽培品种，以便在远东组织工业化果树栽培。\n需要研究某些果树结实周期性。必须进一步制定预防树木日灼的措施，因为树干涂白不能作为唯一的防治手段。提高椴树及其他蜜源植物产量的工作具有重要意义。\n在林业和果树栽培领域，防治森林害虫——西伯利亚松毛虫及其他昆虫种类——也极为迫切。害虫大规模出现的原因及其防治途径正由苏联科学院远东分院进行研究。\n提高天然草场和牧场的生产力将需要扩大植物学研究。仅在滨海边疆区就有超过一百万公顷的草场和牧场。其他远东地区的草场和牧场面积也不小。在远东北部，地衣灌丛苔原作为驯鹿牧场具有重要意义。为了畜牧业的进一步发展，必须制定大幅提高草场和牧场生产力的措施。\n研究远东的动物界、其海洋动物区系以及狩猎-毛皮动物同样重要。动物学家面临的任务不仅是研究，还要改造动物区系，驯化像紫貂、猞猁、麝鼠等有价值的最佳动物。\n动物学家在研究昆虫——农作物害虫——生物学方面也面临重大任务。分院动物学部门已制定了一些防治大田和森林作物害虫的措施，但这些措施需要深化和扩展。\n研究动物的体内外寄生虫对农业具有特殊意义。蠕虫病严重降低了畜牧业的生产力。远东分院的工作已使得在滨海边疆区规划抗蠕虫病措施成为可能。这项工作也必须继续并深化。对于蚊子、蠓、蜱等许多是疟疾、脑炎等疾病传播媒介的寄生虫的研究，情况则要差得多。还需要开始研究海鱼及海洋经济动物的蠕虫。\n为了提高远东农业，研究提高土壤肥力的措施极其重要。土壤学家过去和现在都非常重视远东土壤的制图及成土过程的研究。在当前七年计划期间，应特别加强旨在创造高土壤肥力的工作。大量研究表明，远东大部分地区的土壤富含磷，但磷以植物难以吸收的化合物形态存在。因此，开发提高土壤中现有磷储量可利用性的方法至关重要。这个问题可以通过土壤学家、农艺师、土壤微生物学家和植物生理学家的综合研究来解决。同时，也需要研究细菌肥料的效果。\n滨海选种站提出的深沟排水耕作法值得密切关注。然而，这种方法需要进行仔细的预先研究：特别是需要评估其在预设的新条件下对根系发育及整个植物生理可能产生的影响。\n寻找防治土壤侵蚀的方法是一个重要的科学问题，土壤侵蚀会导致土壤肥力急剧下降。远东分院曾研究过侵蚀问题，但应指出的是，已完成的工作推广应用极其缓慢。关于土壤侵蚀，已经有很多了解，并且有充分依据广泛应用诸如建立防护林带、行间种草以及特殊的坡地耕作方法等防侵蚀措施。在山地泰加林站，在山坡上栽培浆果时成功地采用了行间种植草莓的方法，这可以防止土壤侵蚀。\n在滨海边疆区，苏联科学院分院研究了导致马铃薯锈病斑发生的原因（这种病害严重降低了块茎的食用品质和种用价值），并制定了通过向土壤施用石灰和磷肥来防治这种病害的措施。全苏作物栽培研究所滨海选种试验站在马铃薯的农业技术和筛选优良品种方面也做了大量工作。然而，一些实践和科学问题尚未厘清，生物和农业科学面临的任务是在未来几年内解决它们。为此需要农艺师、育种家、植物生理学家、植物病理学家和昆虫学家的共同努力。\n在研究其他农作物，特别是大豆方面，也面临着同样重要的任务。这里涉及研究大豆的光照条件、生物化学、主要品种的蛋白质化学等问题。\n科学家面临的任务只有在远东所有生物和农业机构的友好协作下才能成功解决。远东的科学院分院、高等院校、科研及农业试验机构中拥有大量的创造性团队，这使我们相信，党在当前七年计划期间提出的发展远东农业的任务将圆满完成。
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：П. А. 格恩克尔(П. А. Генкель)\n出版社：Издательство академии наук СССР\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1959年\n页数：217页 \n语种：俄文\n馆藏条形码：XJLAS RU 70001898
", "ds_process_way": "本书为中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所文献信息中心（以下简称中心）馆藏文献，中心将本书电子化后存储，已经过OCR识别，数据加工过程依据国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》，完全遵照《远东生物资源》的数据信息，未改动删减。
", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《远东生物资源》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《远东生物资源》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-09-30 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "苏联", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "login-access", "ds_total_size": 142757438, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "17f04682-9ffc-4329-97da-33e73841dcd8.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "180" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2026-09-03 18:27:58", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-09-03 18:27:58", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01988", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "202510040001(XJLASRU70001898).pdf", "size": 142757438, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Far East biological resources", "ds_abstract": "The 21st Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union formulated the grand program for the Soviet people to build a communist society and put forward major and arduous tasks to the scientific community of the Soviet Union. The conference pointed out that it was necessary to concentrate the creative power of Soviet scientists to solve the most important scientific and technological problems, and make every effort to strengthen the connection between domestic scientific research institutions and production practice.\r\nIn his report to the 21st National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, comrade Ni Xie Khrushchev paid great attention to the development of productive forces in eastern China, especially in Siberia and the Far East. This requires Soviet scientists to study the natural and economic conditions of these regions in depth, and make every effort to strengthen the scientific research institutions in Siberia and the Far East.\r\nThe direct task of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch and its branches) in the field of biology is to further develop the theoretical basis of biological science to solve important national economic problems. The Siberian Branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences should promote the all-round development of the productive forces in the Far East and the better utilization of natural resources by coordinating the activities of all scientific research institutions in its border regions and states.\r\nAt the end of May 1956, in order to exchange experience and unite the efforts of Far East scientists to solve important theoretical and practical problems, the Biology Department of the Soviet Academy of Sciences held a special meeting to listen to and discuss a series of reports and speeches. According to the resolution of this meeting, the tasks facing Far East bioscience during the current seven-year plan period are also clearly revealed.\r\nAt present, the Far East of the Soviet Union is an important and rapidly developing economic zone. The industry here is developing at a high speed, and new enterprises in coal, forestry, fishery and other industries are constantly emerging, which promotes the continuous growth of the population of cities and worker villages and towns. Agriculture provides residents in cities and industrial centers with potatoes, vegetables and other food, but the problem of relying on local production to ensure the supply of milk and meat for workers remains to be solved. All these require that the efforts of Bioscience should be focused on solving a series of theoretical problems closely related to agricultural development.\r\nFirst of all, in order to use the natural resources of the Far East in a planned way, it is necessary to conduct a resource census, draw soil maps, draw vegetation maps, and identify the species composition of the flora. The rich vegetation in the Far East, especially forests and grasslands, is far from being fully studied. In this regard, the situation in most of the coastal border areas, Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands is slightly better. However, the study of Amur state, Khabarovsk border region and the vast area of Kamchatka Peninsula is not enough.\r\nAccording to the long-term plan of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and its branches, the compilation of geo botanical maps of the whole Soviet Union should be completed by 1960. The Far East branch also participated in this work. During this period, it should complete the geobotany and soil mapping of the entire coastal border area and the southern part of Khabarovsk border area. At present, the branch has compiled the soil map of Xingkai Lake area and the geobotany map of most coastal areas.\r\nThe vast forests in the Far East are not only a rich source of timber, but also of great significance for water conservation and protection. Therefore, in order to rationally develop and utilize forests, we must formulate the scientific basis for the rationalization of forest management. The branch has formulated forest type classification for several regions in the Far East. At the same time, it is necessary to start afforestation work, because after the current cutting, the more valuable tree species will usually be replaced by the trees with lower value.\r\nWe must not ignore the obvious insufficient utilization of various forest wastes, which are rich sources of raw materials for the forest chemical industry. There is no doubt that forest products chemistry has great potential in the Far East.\r\nThe composition of arbor and shrub species in the far east forest is extremely diverse. There are trees with important economic value, such as Phellodendron amurense (Amur catalpa), Juglans mandshurica, kiwifruit (И. В. Michelin once attached great importance to its cultivation), Schisandra chinensis, etc. There is an urgent need to domesticate some of them, which requires careful study of their biological and biochemical characteristics.\r\nThe Far East Branch of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences is studying the introduction of ginseng under the canopy and through shading plate in the open land. Many medical institutions in the Far East, such as Khabarovsk Medical College, are studying the effects of Schisandra chinensis and ginseng on human body. Considering the smooth progress of this research, since April 1956, the task of coordinating the research work of all ginseng has been entrusted to the Far East Branch of the Siberian Branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.\r\nThe richness of forests in the Far East puts forward the urgent task of establishing forest orchards. This makes it possible to make more rational use of wild forests of valuable tree species such as Juglans mandshurica, Sorbus davidiana and Vitis amurensis. At the same time, it is necessary to expand the introduction and cultivation of these wild tree species and breed other valuable cultivated varieties in order to organize industrialized fruit tree cultivation in the Far East.\r\nIt is necessary to study the fruiting periodicity of some fruit trees. Measures to prevent sunburn of trees must be further developed, because trunk whitening cannot be the only means of prevention. It is of great significance to improve the yield of Tilia amurensis and other nectar plants.\r\nIn the field of forestry and fruit tree cultivation, it is also extremely urgent to control forest pests - Siberian pine caterpillars and other insect species. The reasons for the large-scale emergence of pests and their control methods are being studied by the Far East Branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.\r\nIncreasing the productivity of natural pastures and pastures will require the expansion of botany research. There are more than onemillion hectares of grassland and pasture in the coastal border area alone. Other grasslands and pastures in the Far East are not small. In the far northeast, lichen shrub tundra is of great significance as a reindeer pasture. For the further development of animal husbandry, it is necessary to formulate measures to significantly improve the productivity of grassland and pasture.\r\nIt is also important to study the animal kingdom of the Far East, its marine fauna and hunting fur animals. The task facing zoologists is not only to study, but also to transform the fauna and domesticate the best valuable animals such as sable, lynx and muskrat.\r\nZoologists also face major tasks in studying the biology of insects, crop pests. The Department of zoology of the branch hospital has formulated some measures to control pests of field and forest crops, but these measures need to be deepened and expanded.\r\nIt is of special significance for agriculture to study the internal and external parasites of animals. Helminthiasis has seriously reduced the productivity of animal husbandry. The work of the Far East Branch has made it possible to plan anti helminthiasis measures in the coastal border areas. This work must also be continued and deepened. For mosquitoes, midges, ticks and many other parasites that are the vectors of malaria, encephalitis and other diseases, the situation is much worse. We also need to start studying the worms of marine fish and marine economic animals.\r\nIn order to improve agriculture in the Far East, it is very important to study the measures to improve soil fertility. Soil scientists used to and now attach great importance to the mapping of soil in the Far East and the study of soil forming process. During the current seven-year plan period, efforts to create high soil fertility should be particularly strengthened. A large number of studies have shown that most of the soils in the Far East are rich in phosphorus, but phosphorus exists in the form of compounds that are difficult for plants to absorb. Therefore, it is very important to develop methods to improve the availability of existing phosphorus reserves in soil. This problem can be solved through the comprehensive research of soil scientists, agronomists, soil microbiologists and plant physiologists. At the same time, it is also necessary to study the effect of bacterial fertilizer.\r\nThe deep ditch drainage tillage method proposed by the coastal seed selection station deserves close attention. However, this method needs to be carefully studied in advance: in particular, it needs to evaluate its possible impact on root development and the whole plant physiology under the preset new conditions.\r\nIt is an important scientific problem to find a method to prevent and control soil erosion. Soil erosion will lead to a sharp decline in soil fertility. The Far East Branch has studied the erosion problem, but it should be pointed out that the popularization and application of the completed work is extremely slow. There is a lot of knowledge about soil erosion, and there is sufficient basis for the wide application of erosion prevention measures such as the establishment of shelterbelt, planting grass between rows and special slope tillage methods. In the mountain Taijialin station, the method of planting strawberries between rows was successfully adopted when planting berries on the hillside, which can prevent soil erosion.\r\nIn the coastal frontier region, the branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences studied the causes of potato rust (this disease seriously reduced the edible quality and seed value of tubers), and formulated measures to control this disease by applying lime and phosphorus fertilizer to the soil. The coastal seed selection test station of the all Soviet crop cultivation research institute has also done a lot of work in the agricultural technology of potato and the selection of excellent varieties. However, some practical and scientific problems have not been clarified. The task facing biological and Agricultural Sciences is to solve them in the next few years. This requires the joint efforts of agronomists, breeders, plant physiologists, plant pathologists and entomologists.\r\nThe research on other crops, especially soybeans, also faces the same important task. This paper deals with the study of light conditions, biochemistry, protein chemistry of main varieties of soybean and other issues.\r\nThe task facing scientists can be successfully solved only with the friendly cooperation of all biological and agricultural institutions in the Far East. There are a large number of creative teams in the branches of the Academy of Sciences, colleges and universities, scientific research and agricultural experimental institutions in the Far East, which makes us believe that the task of developing agriculture in the Far East proposed by the party during the current seven-year plan will be successfully completed.", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Pers.А. GernkelА.Генкель)\r\nPublished by: 丨 зд а т ельс тво а к а д еми наук С С С С СР\r\nPublished: Moscow\r\nPublication year: 1959\r\nPages: 217 pages \r\nLanguage: Russian\r\nCollection barcode: XJLAS RU 70001898", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and has been recognized by OCR. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of the \"Outline of History of Geography in Russia in the Eighteenth Century\" without modification or deletion.", "ds_quality": "The collected \"Far East Biological Resources\" were processed electronically. In accordance with the requirements of the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", the data information of \"Far East Biological Resources\" was not changed and deleted, and the data quality was reliable.", "ds_acq_place": "Soviet Union", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "远东生物资源", "农业开发" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "生物学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1959 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }