本书探讨了阿姆河径流及其水化学模式在现代条件和未来受流域水利工程建设影响的变化。主要内容包括：阿姆河流域的自然条件、水资源及水利工程建设情况；径流量在植被期和非植被期的变化；水化学模式的变化及其对经济活动的影响；未来水利措施可能对径流产生的定量影响。\n\n引言\n为满足经济需求而对水资源日益加剧的利用，导致了河流径流、其流域及受水区域水情态的显著变化。这种影响在干旱和半干旱地区尤为巨大，那里几乎已没有径流未被经济利用的河流。在许多地区，“人类在陆地水资源管理方面的活动，其规模已开始与自然因素对其的影响相提并论” 4040。在未来，当计划新增灌溉数千万公顷土地并实施宏伟的跨流域调水工程时 4747，人为因素的影响将更为巨大。\n在此条件下，若没有关于在水情态和河流径流方面已因人为因素影响而发生变化的可靠知识，未来水资源的合理及最有效利用将无从谈起。更为重要的是，要预见到在实施规划措施影响下将发生的变化。“找到陆地水消耗与补给条件之间的最佳比例，是最重要的问题之一，其解决在很大程度上决定了人类社会的生存条件与地球的面貌” 4040。\n水文科学奠基人之一В.Г.格卢什科夫 2525 早在三十年代初就写道，未来“水文学将不得不从研究天然水体转向研究受改变的水体，其偏离自然条件的程度将逐步增长”。\n近些年来，在全球范围及我们苏联境内，强化利用径流的措施开展得如此迅猛，加之人为因素影响下的径流变化问题如此重大，以至于水文研究的中心正日益积极地从径流形成领域转向其利用领域。越来越多关于人类经济活动影响下径流、其情态及矿化度变化问题的研究 51,83,10451,83,104，雄辩地说明了这一点。这些研究关于人为因素对河流径流影响的结论常常相互矛盾，这与所研究问题的极大复杂性及原始信息的匮乏有关。\n在影响中亚地区河流径流的全部措施中，主要的是灌溉、区域排水、水库调节径流。工业-生活耗水量（不可回归）随时间增长，但与灌溉用水量相比则微不足道。因此，中亚河流径流的人为变化主要是由水利改良措施的影响引起的。后者的影响主要表现在三个方面：a) 河流径流及其情态在时间和沿程上的变化；b) 水质的变化；c) 灌溉区域水平衡结构的变化。\n本文以阿姆河流域为例，评估了在当前和未来条件下河流径流、其情态和矿化度的变化。\n（该内容为AI翻译，不保证翻译准确率，详情请参照原文）\n\n
", "ds_source": "作者（编委会）：Ф. Э. 鲁比诺娃（Ф. Э. Рубинова）\n出版社：МосковскоеотделениеГидрометеоиздата\n出版地：莫斯科\n出版年：1985年\n页数：113页\n语种：俄文\n分类号：УДК 551.482.215.75\n馆藏条形码：XJLASRU70026185\n\n
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", "ds_quality": "对收集到的《阿姆河径流变化受其流域水利改良措施的影响》进行电子化加工处理，按照国家标准《GB/T 31219.2-2014图书馆馆藏资源数字化加工规范》要求，未改动删减《阿姆河径流变化受其流域水利改良措施的影响》的数据信息，数据质量可靠。\n
", "ds_acq_start_time": "2025-06-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-06-01 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "中亚", "ds_acq_lon_east": null, "ds_acq_lat_south": null, "ds_acq_lon_west": null, "ds_acq_lat_north": null, "ds_acq_alt_low": null, "ds_acq_alt_high": null, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 15500922, "ds_files_count": 1, "ds_format": "PDF格式", "ds_space_res": "无", "ds_time_res": "无", "ds_coordinate": "无", "ds_projection": "无", "ds_thumbnail": "0eac3042-fc57-4884-9a5a-e6cd4bdb58d2.png", "ds_thumb_from": 0, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "a5877b42-96ea-4f13-af7e-246f355413d6", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.55" ], "quality_level": 1, "publish_time": "2025-07-30 12:04:11", "first_publish_time": null, "last_updated": "2026-04-10 16:03:26", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "33110.11.ariddc.01117", "license": null, "extra": null, "files_shape": [ { "name": "20250601201(XJLASRU70026185).pdf", "size": 15500922, "is_dir": false } ], "features": null, "data_level": 0, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "The change of runoff in the Amu Darya River is affected by water conservancy improvement measures in its basin", "ds_abstract": "This book explores the changes in Amu Darya runoff and its hydrochemical patterns under modern conditions and future impacts of the construction of water conservancy projects in the basin. The main contents include: natural conditions, water resources and water conservancy project construction in the Amu Darya River Basin; changes in runoff during the vegetation and non-vegetation periods; changes in water chemical patterns and their impact on economic activities; possible future water conservancy measures on runoff. Quantitative impact.\n\nintroduction\nThe increasing use of water resources to meet economic needs has led to significant changes in river runoff, water conditions in its basins and water-receiving areas. The impact is particularly significant in arid and semi-arid areas, where there are few rivers whose runoff is not being economically utilized. In many areas,\"the scale of human activities in land water resource management has begun to compare with the impact of natural factors on them.\" 4040 In the future, when it is planned to irrigate tens of millions of hectares of new land and implement a grand cross-basin water transfer project 4747, the impact of human factors will be even greater.\nUnder these conditions, without reliable knowledge that water conditions and river runoff have changed due to human factors, the reasonable and most effective use of water resources in the future will be impossible. More importantly, it is necessary to foresee the changes that will occur as a result of the implementation of planning measures. \"Finding the optimal ratio between land water consumption and replenishment conditions is one of the most important issues, and its solution largely determines the living conditions of human society and the face of the earth.\" 4040.\nOne of the founders of hydrological science.Г. Glushkov 2525 wrote as early as the early 1930s that in the future \"hydrology will have to shift from studying natural water bodies to studying changed water bodies, and its deviation from natural conditions will gradually increase.\"\nIn recent years, measures to strengthen the use of runoff have been carried out so rapidly around the world and in our Soviet Union, and the problem of runoff changes under the influence of human factors has been so significant that the center of hydrological research is increasingly actively shifting from the field of runoff formation to its utilization field. More and more studies on runoff, its modality and mineralization changes under the influence of human economic activity51,83,10451,83,104 eloquently illustrate this point. The conclusions of these studies on the impact of human factors on river runoff are often contradictory, which is related to the great complexity of the issues studied and the lack of original information.\nAmong all measures affecting river runoff in Central Asia, the main ones are irrigation, regional drainage, and reservoir regulation of runoff. Industrial-domestic water consumption (non-regressive) has increased over time, but is negligible compared to irrigation water consumption. Therefore, anthropogenic changes in river runoff in Central Asia are mainly caused by the impact of water conservancy improvement measures. The impact of the latter is mainly reflected in three aspects: a) changes in river runoff and its modality over time and along the course; b) changes in water quality; and c) changes in the water balance structure of irrigated areas.\nTaking the Amu Darya Basin as an example, this paper evaluates changes in river runoff, its modality and mineralization under current and future conditions.\n(This content is AI translation and the translation accuracy is not guaranteed. Please refer to the original text for details)\n\n
", "ds_source": "Author (Editorial Board): Φ.Э. Rubinova (④.Э.Рубинова）\nPublished by: Ро с к овс к о е о т д елени еГи д р о м е т е о изд а т а т а\nPublished: Moscow\nPublication year: 1985\nPages: 113 pages\nLanguage: Russian\nClassification No.: У п К 551.482.215.75\nCollection barcode: XJLASRU70026185\n\n
", "ds_process_way": "This book is the collection of the Documentation and Information Center of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Center). The center has stored the book electronically and completed OCR recognition. The data processing process is in accordance with the national standard \"GB/T 31219.2-2014 Specifications for Digital Processing of Library Collection Resources\", and fully complies with the data information of \"Amu Darya River Runoff Changes Affected by Its Basin Water Conservancy Improvement Measures\" without modification or deletion.\n
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", "ds_acq_place": "Central Asia", "ds_format": "PDF format", "ds_projection": "no", "ds_space_res": "no", "ds_time_res": "no" } }, "license_type": null, "doi_reg_from": "reg_local", "cstr_reg_from": "reg_local", "doi_not_reg_reason": null, "cstr_not_reg_reason": null, "is_paper_in_submitting": false, "ds_topic_tags": [ "径流", "水利工程", "水资源", "水利改良" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "水文学" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "苏联", "阿姆河" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1985 ], "ds_contributors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_meta_authors": [ "文献信息中心" ], "ds_managers": [ "文献信息中心" ], "category": "图书" }