The twelfth volume of the encyclopedia Medicinal Plants of Turkmenistan continues the study of the rich heritage left by our ancestors. This heritage encompasses the numerous works of outstanding scientists and physicians who lived and worked on Turkmen soil in ancient times, as well as the experience accumulated by the Turkmen people through their unique talents and skills in understanding the diversity of their generous homeland. In this volume, I have sought to reveal the medicinal properties of indigenous plant species that are widely used in folk medicine and occur naturally within our country. Using a scientific approach, I have examined the customs, traditions, and various methods of preparing medicinal plants in folk medicine, methods that have, through centuries of refinement by our ancestors, become part of the national heritage of the Turkmen people. Taking into account the latest achievements in global pharmacotherapy, and drawing upon scientific and educational materials accumulated from antiquity to the present day, I have presented extensive knowledge about Turkmen plant-derived medicines throughout the previous volumes of this work. I believe that the study of the ethnobotanical and ethnomedical aspects of medicinal plants within our national flora constitutes an important and highly relevant task today. This work, inspired by my boundless love for my homeland and my people and by my deep respect for the unique experience of our ancestors in living harmoniously with nature, is dedicated to all readers interested in the rich plant kingdom of our country and its ancient traditions of folk medicine. More than 2,000 medicinal plant species growing on Turkmen soil are used in folk medicine, and over 500 of them are endemic species unique to the flora of Turkmenistan. In view of the ancient folk-medical traditions associated with endemic medicinal plants in Turkmenistan, I believe that they deserve recognition within the framework of the UNESCO World Heritage program. The chapters of this volume present reliable information on 120 medicinal plant species that have attained a scientifically validated level of medical application and represent a valuable source of plant-based therapeutic resources. The flora of Turkmenistan is renowned for its exceptional richness and has served for centuries as an inexhaustible source of remedies for a wide range of diseases. Studying the lives, professional achievements, and scientific legacies of the great figures who laid the foundations of our national medical tradition is a sacred duty of our generation. The scientific and practical heritage of our traditional medicine is eternal; its light continues to illuminate our present day across the centuries. The achievements of modern science not only make it possible to broaden the therapeutic applications of known medicinal plants but also allow the gradual introduction of new plant species into medical practice. Scientific medicine has demonstrated the therapeutic value of hundreds of plant species, although the majority remain insufficiently studied. Establishing phytotherapy on a firm scientific foundation and providing it with a sound scientific rationale are among the important tasks that stand before us. Human beings obtain everything necessary for life from nature. The natural environment of Turkmenistan is extraordinarily rich and supports a vast number of medicinal plants. Compared with other regions, our land possesses many useful plant species that are distinctive and cannot be confused with those found elsewhere. Modern medical practice would be unimaginable without plant-derived medicines or pharmaceutical preparations made from botanical raw materials. In our country, all the necessary conditions have been established for the comprehensive, reliable, and accurate study of medicinal plants used in Turkmen folk medicine. The purpose of this book is not limited to expanding the knowledge of healthcare professionals, collectors and custodians of medicinal plant raw materials, regarding the structure, habitats, geographical distribution, chemical composition, growth conditions, practical applications, collection periods and methods, storage regulations, and ecological significance of medicinal plants. It is also intended for all readers interested in the rich plant kingdom of our country and its ancient traditions. I am confident that this book will become a reliable assistant and a kind adviser. It will show you how to make use of the generous healing power of Turkmen nature for the benefit of humanity and help you maintain your health, youthfulness, and beauty for many years to come. May the life-giving source of health that Turkmen nature bestows upon humanity never run dry!